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1.
Drug Metab Pers Ther ; 34(4)2019 12 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31981450

ABSTRACT

Phenytoin is widely used in neurocritical patients. Owing to its high pharmacokinetic variability and narrow therapeutic range, plasma level-guided dosing has become the standard. Bayesian prediction (BP) is considered the most flexible and precise pharmacokinetic strategy among several options. A retrospective study of BP dosage adjustment in 20 patients (35 plasma measures) was developed. Results indicated that 70% of phenytoin plasma levels of first plasma samples were beyond the therapeutic range. Phenytoin doses were also estimated according to BP for all patients. The measurements confirmed the ability of the strategy to lead to optimal dosage in 80% of patients, thus indicating a three-fold improvement over the basing dosage adjustment recommended in the literature.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Bayes Theorem , Phenytoin/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Phenytoin/blood , Phenytoin/pharmacokinetics , Pilot Projects , Software , Young Adult
2.
Odontoestomatol ; 17(26): 24-34, nov. 2015.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-775432

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto educativo del Plan de Salud Oral Integral de la Embarazada, aplicado desde el año 2010 en Chile, sobre la salud oral de sus hijos a los dos años de edad en el centro de salud familiar (CESFAM) de la municipalidad de Lo Barnechea. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal. Se analizó la información de 129 niños que acudieron a su primera atención dental. Se determinó la presencia de malos hábitos, presencia de caries y nivel de riesgo cariogénico. La muestra se analizó según las variables independientes: madres que contaban con el Alta del Plan de Salud Oral Integral de la Embarazada y madres que no fueron parte del plan. Además dentro del grupo de madres que contaban con el Alta del Plan de Salud Oral Integral de la Embarazada un grupo acudió a un Control Binomio madre e hijo a los 6 meses de edad del menor. Resultados. No existen diferencias significativas en presencia de caries ni en malos hábitos entre los grupos en estudio. La presencia de “Alta del plan de Salud Oral Integral de la Embarazada” se asocia de manera altamente significativa (p<0,005) a un menor consumo de alimentos con azúcar al día. La presencia de “Alta del plan de Salud Oral Integral más un Control Binomio” también se asocia a un menor consumo de alimentos con azúcar al día (p<0,05) y a pacientes con riesgo cariogénico bajo (p<0,005). Conclusión. En la mayoría de las variables estudiadas no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos estudiados, lo que demuestra que el Plan de Salud oral Integral de la Embarazada aplicado en CESFAM de la Municipalidad de Lo Barnechea no tiene el efecto esperado de mejorar la salud oral de sus hijos a los 2 años de edad.


Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the educational effect of the Comprehenisve Oral Health Plan for Pregnant Women implemented at CESFAM (Family Health Center) in the Municipality of Lo Barnechea, Chile, since 2010, on the oral health of their children at 2 years of age. Materials and methods. Descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study. Information from 129 children attending their first dental care appointment was analyzed. The presence of poor dental habits, tooth decay and cariogenic risk level was determined. The sample was analyzed according to independent variables: mothers who had been discharged from the Comprehensive Oral Health Plan, mothers who had not participated in the plan and a subgroup of the first one where mothers had a mother-child dental check-up when the infant turned 6 months. Results. There were no significant differences regarding the presence of decay or poor habits in the groups studied. There was a significant association between the mothers who had been discharged from the Comprehensive Oral Health Plan and lower daily consumption (p <0.005) of sugary foods. The group that had been discharged from the Comprehensive Oral Health Plan and had had a mother child check-up when the infant was 6 months old had a high significant association with low cariogenic risk (p <0.005). Conclusion. No significant differences between the groups were found in most of the variables studied. This proves that the Comprehensive Oral Health Plan for Pregnant Woman implemented in CESFAM, Municipality of Lo Barnechea, Chile, does not have the expected effect regarding the improvement of the children’s oral health at 2 years of age.


Subject(s)
Dental Care for Children , Dental Health Services , Health Education, Dental , Mother-Child Relations , Pregnancy
3.
Rev Med Chil ; 143(7): 880-6, 2015 Jul.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26361025

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Assessment of causality is an essential part of pharmacological surveillance. AIM: To compare the causality assessment of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) using algorithms proposed by Karch-Lasagna (K & L) and the World Health Organization (WHO). MATERIAL AND METHODS: All spontaneous reports of suspected ADRs in a pediatric ward of a regional hospital were included. Causality was categorized as definitive, probable, possible, conditional or unlikely. The agreement between K & L and WHO algorithms was assessed using binomial test proportions and kappa coefficients. RESULTS: One hundred thirty reports of ADRs in 126 patients aged 2 to 11 years were analyzed. The suspected medications were antineoplastic drugs in 59% of cases and antimicrobials in 23%. The most common affected system was the skin and appendages in 35%. Using K & L algorithm, causality was categorized as definitive in 10% of cases, probable in 28.5%, possible in 35.4%, conditional in 23.1% and unlikely in 3.0%. Using WHO algorithm, the figures were 2.3, 34.6, 59.2, 2.3 and 1.5%, respectively. The degree of agreement between K & L and WHO algorithms was 32.3% (kappa = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: K & L attributed a higher level of ADR causality than WHO algorithm.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Adolescent , Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/classification , Humans , Infant , World Health Organization
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 143(7): 880-886, jul. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-757913

ABSTRACT

Background: Assessment of causality is an essential part of pharmacological surveillance. Aim: To compare the causality assessment of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) using algorithms proposed by Karch-Lasagna (K & L) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Material and Methods: All spontaneous reports of suspected ADRs in a pediatric ward of a regional hospital were included. Causality was categorized as definitive, probable, possible, conditional or unlikely. The agreement between K & L and WHO algorithms was assessed using binomial test proportions and kappa coefficients. Results: One hundred thirty reports of ADRs in 126 patients aged 2 to 11 years were analyzed. The suspected medications were antineoplastic drugs in 59% of cases and antimicrobials in 23%. The most common affected system was the skin and appendages in 35%. Using K & L algorithm, causality was categorized as definitive in 10% of cases, probable in 28.5%, possible in 35.4%, conditional in 23.1% and unlikely in 3.0%. Using WHO algorithm, the figures were 2.3, 34.6, 59.2, 2.3 and 1.5%, respectively. The degree of agreement between K & L and WHO algorithms was 32.3% (kappa = 0.004). Conclusions: K & L attributed a higher level of ADR causality than WHO algorithm.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Algorithms , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/classification , World Health Organization
5.
Rev. chil. salud pública ; 10(1): 18-26, 2006. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-469621

ABSTRACT

Las tendencias en Educación y Salud están provocando profundas reflexiones y cambios concretos en la manera de enfrentar la formación en salud. Cada vez más, se promueve el trabajo en equipo, en redes y el aprendizaje colaborativo y las herramientas informáticas utilizadas como base para lograr estas competencias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar, desde una perspectiva cualitativa, la utilidad de un ambiente virtual para el aprendizaje colaborativo de un grupo de estudiantes durante su Internado Rural. Se utilizó un diseño de estudio de caso, en un grupo de 11 estudiantes y una docente de la carrera de Obstetricia y Puericultura. Se realizó triangulación por técnica de recolección de información y por investigador para asegurar la credibilidad de los datos. La información se agrupó en un sistema de ejes con cuadrantes valorados como positivos, negativos e intermedios positivo y negativo para la extracción de los resultados. Las principales percepciones fueron: desconocimiento de los estudiantes de las políticas institucionales relacionadas con metodologías colaborativas; satisfacción de necesidades pedagógicas entre los estudiantes y entre éstos y la docente a través del ambiente virtual, pero con algunos aspectos que obstaculizaron el proceso; existió aprendizaje en la utilización de herramientas informáticas y apertura hacia otras dimensiones posibles en su utilización desde la perspectiva profesional; cumplimiento desorganizado de roles en el trabajo colaborativo, pero con resultados positivos. El proceso se vio influenciado favorablemente, encontrando efectivo y motivador el intercambio a través del ambiente virtual.


Subject(s)
Health Education/methods , User-Computer Interface , Access to Information , Chile , Communications Media , Education, Distance , Curriculum , Students, Health Occupations
6.
Rev. chil. fonoaudiol ; 3(2): 99-113, dic. 2002. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-348489

ABSTRACT

Publicaciones muy antiguas ya habían señalado que la respiración bucal se relaciona con la presencia de adenoides o compresiones maxilares con sus numerosas implicancias clínicas. La expansión palatina rápida (EPR), es una terapia muy utilizada en ortodoncia como tratamiento de compresiones maxilares severas. Se ha descrito que muchos de los problemas causados por la respiración bucal se revierten si la compresión se corrige, debido al crecimiento craneofacial, por lo que el momento oportuno para el tratamiento es importante. Este estudio determina la condición clínica en 15 pacientes con compresiones maxilares, sometidos al tratamiento de expansión palatina rápida. A cada paciente se les aplicó el test de Rosenthal para determinar su permeabiloidad nasal, se hicieron mediciones cefalométricas y sus padres contestaron una encuesta referida a sus hábitos respiratorios, previo y posteriormente al tratamiento de 3 meses. Se observó un significativo crecimiento transversal, especialmente de la zona anterior del maxilar. Este cambio esqueletal permitió un significativo aumento de la permeabilidad nasal en todos los pacientes, tanto en la evolución con el test de Rosenthal como en la apreciación de sus padres. Estos resultados señalan que la expansión palatina rápida mejora la permeabilidad nasal de los individuos con comprensión maxilar, respaldando el tratamiento multidisciplinario de estos pacientes


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Mouth Breathing/therapy , Palatal Expansion Technique , Cephalometry , Tooth Eruption , Malocclusion/therapy
7.
Rev Med Chil ; 130(8): 885-91, 2002 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12360797

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Depression is an important mental health problem. The Chilean Ministry of Health has considered depression in women as one of the health priorities for the country. AIM: To assess the prevalence of depressive and somatic symptoms and their risk factors in climacteric women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A special questionnaire was applied to 171 women (45 to 55 years of age), coming from a community organization (PRODEMU) and a private health institution (ISAPRE Banmedica). Risk factors for depression were determined using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 43%. Women with primary education had an odds ratio for depression of 2.49, compared with women with high school or university education. Other risk factor for depression was the lack of a renumerated job (Odds ratio 1.9). The risk factors for somatic symptoms were the presence of depressive symptoms (OR 3.2), lack of secondary or university education (OR 2.4), low income (OR 1.9) and having a current partner (OR 3.6). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the studied population of climacteric women. Lack of education and of a renumerated job are important risk factors for the presence of such symptoms. Women with a low level of education and with depressive symptoms have also a high risk of presenting somatic symptoms.


Subject(s)
Climacteric/psychology , Depression/epidemiology , Somatoform Disorders/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Depression/psychology , Educational Status , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Somatoform Disorders/psychology
8.
Mag. int. coll. dent ; 5(1): 32-6, 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-290348

ABSTRACT

Estudio descriptivo transversal de los movimientos que realizan con el cepillo dental, un grupo de 40 pre-escolares entre 2 y 4 años de edad, y un grupo de 45 escolares entre 6 y 7 años, sin haber recibido instrucción previa. Observándose en los escolares, que existe predominio de movimientos horizontales vestibulares y horizontales oclusales, con mayor frecuencia de cepillado en la zona posterior. En el grupo de los pre-escolares, los movimientos fueron horizontales en su mayoría y la zona más cepillada fue la anterior vestibular


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Toothbrushing/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Oral Hygiene
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