ABSTRACT
We reported the synthesis, antifungal evaluation and study on substituent effects of 21 chalcones. A lot of genetically defined strains belonging to different yeast genera and species, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hansenula polymorpha and Kluyveromyces lactis, were used as test organisms. Concerning the mode of the antifungal action of chalcones it was shown that DNA was probably not the main target for the chalcones. It was revealed that the yeast's intracellular glutathione and cysteine molecules play significant role as defence barrier against the chalcone action. It was also shown that chalcones may react with some proteins involved in cell separation.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Chalcones/pharmacology , Yeasts/drug effects , Antifungal Agents/chemical synthesis , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Chalcones/chemical synthesis , Chalcones/chemistry , Chromosomes, Fungal/genetics , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mutation , Ploidies , Yeasts/classification , Yeasts/cytology , Yeasts/geneticsABSTRACT
The novel fatty acids 16-methyl-6(Z)-heptadecenoic acid and 16-methyl-8(Z)-heptadecenoic acid were identified for the first time in nature in a species of the bacterium Micrococcus isolated from Lake Pomorie in Bulgaria. The principal fatty acids in this bacterium were a series of iso-anteiso fatty acids with chain lengths between C(14) and C(24), while the most interesting series of monounsaturated fatty acids was a family of Delta(6) fatty acids with chain lengths between C(14) and C(17). The novel compounds were characterized using a combination of GC-MS and chemical transformations, such as dimethyl disulfide derivatization and catalytic hydrogenation. The results established for the first time a bacterial origin for some of these Delta(6) fatty acids.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/chemistry , Micrococcus/chemistry , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Micrococcus/metabolism , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Water MicrobiologyABSTRACT
The lipid composition of a Bacillus sp., isolated from Lake Pomorie in Bulgaria, was unusual and consisted of 26 different fatty acids between C12 and C26, with anteiso C15-C17 saturated fatty acids predominating. The furan fatty acid, 10,13-epoxy-11-methyloctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid, was also identified, a new finding for this genus. The hydrocarbons consisted of 30 different monounsaturated hydrocarbons, between C25 and C30, with the iso-iso, iso-anteiso, anteiso-anteiso, iso-normal, and anteiso-normal methyl branching for odd-numbered chains, and the iso-iso, iso-anteiso, iso-normal, and anteiso-normal methyl branching for even-numbered chains. The double bond positions in these hydrocarbons were determined by dimethyl disulfide derivatization followed by GC-MS, and the double-bond cis configuration was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Some previously unknown hydrocarbons in bacteria, such as (Z)-3,21-dimethyl-9-tricosene, (Z)-3,21-dimethyl-10-tricosene, (Z)-2,24-dimethyl-11-pentacosene, and (Z)-2,25-dimethyl-13-hexacosene were identified. Sterols were detected and were based on the sitosterol nucleus.
Subject(s)
Bacillus/chemistry , Fatty Acids/metabolism , Lipids/chemistry , Bulgaria , Disulfides/chemistry , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Hydrocarbons/chemistry , Linoleic Acids/classification , Linoleic Acids/metabolism , Spectrophotometry, InfraredABSTRACT
This paper reports the initial experiments for genetic analysis of the haploid methylotrophic yeast Candida boidinii PLD1. The collection of multiply marked auxotrophic mutants was obtained after treatment with UV-light or X-rays. Protoplasts from several mutants were fused by the PEG-CA2+ technique and five prototrophic hybrids were isolated. The genetic structure of the hybrids was studied by means of spontaneous and induced mitotic segregation. Our data suggest that hybrids are diploids, heterozygous by parental auxotrophic markers. We obtained genetic linkage between mutations lys2-8-met-3 from one hand and ade-17-arg-24 from the other. The genetic maps constructed showed similar characteristics concerning both the order of the markers and their map distances.
