Subject(s)
Exanthema/therapy , HIV Infections/therapy , Pruritus/therapy , Adult , Dermatologic Agents/therapeutic use , Exanthema/complications , Exanthema/pathology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/pathology , Humans , Male , Pruritus/complications , Pruritus/pathology , Young AdultABSTRACT
The acute toxicity of unionized ammonia; nitrite and nitrate to the Indian major carp Catla catla (Hamilton) was determined using static and continuous flow through systems for 24 hours. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values for 24 h of ammonia (NH3-N), nitrite (NO2-N) and nitrate (NO3-N) were 0.045 mg/l, 120.84 mg/l and 1565.43 mg/l in static test respectively and were 0.036 mg/l, 117.43 mg/l and 1484.08 mg/l in continuous flow through test respectively.
Subject(s)
Ammonia/adverse effects , Carps/physiology , Nitrates/adverse effects , Nitrites/adverse effects , Water Pollutants/adverse effects , Animals , Lethal Dose 50 , Water MovementsABSTRACT
Biochemical changes, total proteins, glycogen, aspartate and alanine (AAT and ALAT) amino transferases were studied with exposure of sublethal concentrations of NH3-N, NO2-N and NO3-N to the freshwater fish Catla catla (Hamilton), Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton). Depletion in the food reserves and enzyme activity was observed in all the three fish species exposed to these toxicants. Hence, the concentrations of NH3, NO2 and NO3 in water need to be monitored in water quality in aquaculture practices.
