Olfactory Sensitivity in Covid 19 Infection Recovered Subjects.

Sense of smell is a vital perception in mammals. Temporary loss of smell is the main neurological symptom and one of the earliest and most commonly reported indicators of COVID-19. A observational hospital based analytical study carried out at a tertiary care centre for a period of 22 months from January 2021 to October 2022. All the patients were subjected to sniffin stick test and all the data were noted, tabulated and compared to know the correlation of olfactory sensitivity to different parameters. Males were affected with hyposmia slightly more than females. There was not much difference in the olfactory sensitivity in various phases of uterine cycle. Olfactory sensitivity had a negative correlation with serum oestrogen and serum progesterone levels, which was significant. Mean olfactory sensitivity of males for different odours were slightly higher than females. BMI has a negative correlation with olfactory sensitivity in males as well as females, which was significant.

Diagnostic Modalities of Precancerous and Cancerous Cervical Lesions with Special Emphasis on CD31 Angiogenesis Factor as a Marker.

Objectives. To evaluate the role of angiogenesis tumor marker CD31 in the detection of precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions and to compare its efficacy with colposcopy and histopathology. Materials and Methods. 230 patients with a suspicious looking cervix and an abnormal Pap smear attending the Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of GSVM Medical College were subjected to a colposcopic examination. 180 patients with suspected colposcopic findings were subjected to a colposcopic directed biopsy. Biopsy tissues were sent for histopathological examination out of which 50 biopsied samples were sent for immunostaining of CD-31. Statistical analysis was done. Results. Comparison of microvessel density (MVD) count by haematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) and immunostaining of CD31 in preinvasive group were 4.012 ± 2.57 and 5.44 ± 2.21, respectively, and in invasive group were 9.18 ± 2.32 and 12.82 ± 4.07, respectively, which showed that MVD was higher by CD31 both in preinvasive and invasive group, and it was statistically significant. Conclusion. Angiogenesis is a marker of tumor progression, and CD31 fixes up vessel better as compared to HE, so aggressiveness of the tumor can be better predicted by MVD-CD31 as compared to MVD-HE.