Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the epidemiology of maxillofacial trauma activity: a French multicentre comparative study.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has had a major impact on medical and surgical activities. A decline in facial trauma incidence was noticed during the lockdown period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the decline in maxillofacial trauma in France during this particular period. A retrospective multicentre comparative study was initiated in 13 major French public hospital centres. The incidence of facial trauma requiring surgery during the first month of lockdown was compared to that during equivalent periods in 2018 and 2019. Differences in the types of trauma were also analysed. Thirteen maxillofacial departments participated in the study. A significant decline in maxillofacial trauma volumes was observed when compared to equivalent periods in 2018 and 2019 (106 patients compared to 318 and 296 patients, respectively), with an average reduction of 65.5% (P=0.00087). The proportion of trauma due to sports and leisure was reduced when compared to reports in the literature. As a consequence, in the context of a pandemic, the material and human resources related to this activity could be reallocated to the management of other pathologies that cannot be postponed.

Spondylodiscitis after transoral robotic surgery: Retrospective 7-case series from the GETTEC group.

BACKGROUND: Cervical spondylodiscitis is a rare but severe complication of pharyngeal surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study reported all patients in the database of the French head and neck tumor study group (GETTEC) affected by cervical spondylodiscitis after transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for malignant pharyngeal tumor from January 2010 to January 2017. OBJECTIVES: To describe cases of post-TORS cervical spondylodiscitis, identify alarm signs, and determine optimal management of these potentially lethal complications. RESULTS: Seven patients from 6 centers were included. Carcinomas were located in the posterior pharyngeal wall. Tumor stage was T1 or T2. All patients had risk factors for spondylodiscitis. Mean time to diagnosis was 12.6days. The interval between surgery and spondylodiscitis diagnosis ranged from 20days to 4.5months, for a mean 2.1months. The most common symptom was neck pain (87%). Infections were polymicrobial; micro-organisms were isolated in 5 cases and managed by intravenous antibiotics, associated to medullary decompression surgery in 3 cases. Follow-up found favorable progression in 4 cases, and 3 deaths (mortality, 43%). CONCLUSION: This French multicenter study found elevated mortality in post-TORS spondylodiscitis, even in case of limited resection. Surgeons must be aware of this complication and alerted by persistent neck pain, fever, asthenia, impaired or delayed posterior pharyngeal wall wound healing or elevation of inflammatory markers. MRI is the most effective diagnostic radiological examination.

Transoral robotic surgery for squamous cell carcinomas of the posterior pharyngeal wall.

Posterior pharyngeal wall squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are rare and have an associated poor prognosis. Progress in transoral resection techniques, in particular, transoral robotic surgery (TORS), have renewed the role of surgery in their treatment. This article presents the oncological and functional results obtained by the French Group of Head and Neck Robotic Surgery for TORS for posterior pharyngeal wall SCC-curative surgery. This retrospective, multicentre study presents data collected between September 2009 and November 2013 for patients treated with TORS for posterior pharyngeal wall SCCs. Analysis of patient characteristics, tumour and treatment details were completed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate overall survival rates and recurrence-free survival rates. Student's t test and Chi2 test were also calculated. 23 patients were included (mean age of 62 years). 12 patients had a prior HNSCC. Ten patients had pT1 cancers. The overall two-year survival rate was 59%, but 89% for pT1 compared to 28% for pT2-T3 (p = 0.01). It was noted that TORS was simple to perform, but generated significant post-operative dysphagia. Two cases of spondylodiscitis were reported as specific post-operative complications of TORS. In conclusion, TORS is a treatment solution for selected posterior pharyngeal wall SCCs. It provides a possible alternative to medical treatment for early pT1 lesions and is often the only remaining curative solution in patients previously treated with radiotherapy. In cases of bulky resection, or when there is a past medical history of radiotherapy, a tissue reconstruction by forearm free-flap may be indicated.

Direct identification of molds by sequence analysis in fungal chronic rhinosinusitis.

Fungi are widely implicated in chronic rhinosinusitis. Direct microscopic examination (DME) is used to confirm the biological diagnosis of fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS). Diagnostic sensitivity of DME is better than culture, however DME does not allow fungal species identification. In this study, we included 54 sinus samples demonstrating hyphae on DME. Direct sequencing was compared to culture for the identification of the fungal species. Sequence analysis identified fungi in 81.5% of cases while culture was positive in only 31.5%. The most common genus was Aspergillus and the identified species belonged to section Fumigati or to section Flavi. Among other fungi identified by sequence analysis, Schizophyllum commune was present in three samples attesting to the importance of this Basidiomycetes in FRS. Our results clearly demonstrate the superiority of sequencing compared to culture when performed on specimens with hyphal elements at DME, and contributes to the epidemiological knowledge of fungi involved in FRS.

Morbidity and mortality revue of the French group of transoral robotic surgery: a multicentric study.

Transoral robotic assisted surgery (TORS) represents an innovative endoscopic therapeutic alternative in the treatment of head and neck tumors. Many publications favor this surgery, especially in terms of functional results. The aim of this study was to investigate the TORS morbidity and mortality and to identify the risk factors for complications. It is a multicenter retrospective study. All head and neck tumor patients treated by TORS were included in the study over a period of 5 years (2009-2014). The studied parameters were the intraoperative and post-operative complications including hemorrhage, fistula, tracheotomy, aspiration pneumonia and death. The parameters were correlated with age, tumor location, tumor stage, endoscopic exposure and patient's co-morbidities. 178 patients were included in the study. Malignant tumors classified as T1 were found in 169 cases (n = 51), T2 (n = 100), T3 (n = 16) and T4 (n = 2). The tumor locations were distributed as follows: larynx (n = 84), oropharynx (n = 51), and hypopharynx (n = 43). Fifty-three patients followed post-radiation therapy. We observed 12 intraoperative complications including 6 hemorrhage, 3 pharyngeal fistulas and 3 external surgical conversions. Postoperatively, we detected 33 hemorrhage, 27 aspiration pneumonia, 9 tracheostomy, 2 pharyngostomes, 2 cervical spondylitis and 2 deaths. The risk factors identified were (i) anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy for hemorrhage, (ii) tumoral stage and the laryngeal location for aspiration pneumonia and (iii) laryngeal location for tracheostomy. Higher age over 65 years has been identified as a risk factor for all post-operative complications. TORS is a safe technique for the treatment of head and neck tumors. We identified some risk factors for complications which should systematically be studied in order to reduce its morbidity.

Clinical outcomes of transoral robotic surgery for supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma: experience of a french evaluation cooperative subgroup of gettec.

BACKGROUND: Transoral, minimally invasive, organ preservation surgeries are increasingly used to treat laryngopharyngeal carcinomas to avoid the toxicity associated with combined chemoradiotherapy regimens. This study investigated the efficiency, safety, and functional outcomes of using transoral robotic surgery (TORS) to perform supraglottic laryngectomy (SGL). METHODS: This was a multicenter study using a case series with planned data collection from 2009 to 2012 for patients with supraglottic squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) who underwent SGL using TORS. RESULTS: Eighty-four (84) of 262 patients underwent TORS for supraglottic SCC. Within 24 hours of surgery, 24% of the patients started on an oral diet. The median use of a feeding tube was 8 days for 76% of other patients. Definitive percutaneous gastrostomy feeding was necessary for 9.5% of the patients. 24% of the patients did require a tracheostomy, and the median use was 8 days. One percent (1%) of the patients had a definitive tracheostomy. Aspiration pneumonia was observed in 23% of the patients during the postoperative course, and was responsible for the death of one patient. Postoperative bleeding occurred in 18% of the patients. Based on the pathology results, 51% of the patients received adjuvant radiation therapy. CONCLUSION: TORS for SGL in intermediate stage SCC is a safe procedure with good functional outcomes and fast recovery times. However, adverse events can occur. Consequently, this technique requires good patient selection criteria to reduce the risk of postoperative complications.

Management of the neck in the setting of definitive chemoradiation: is there a consensus? A GETTEC study.

BACKGROUND: The management of the neck remains controversial in the definitive chemoradiation setting of advanced N2-3 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Most published data favor omission of neck dissection (ND) after complete response for N2-3 or selective ND for residual disease METHODS: We studied the patterns of care in the French-Belgian Groupe d'Etude des Tumeurs de la Tête Et du Cou (GETTEC) through a questionnaire-based survey. RESULTS: Eighteen percent of institutions never performed up-front ND, 20% rarely, 40% sometimes, 14% often, and 8% systematically. Induction chemotherapy was indicated in 30% of the cases, and most ND were performed either between induction and radiation or after chemoradiation for residual disease. Response to chemoradiation was assessed by computed tomographic scan and positron emission tomography in 72% of cases. Selective ND was more common than radical ND. CONCLUSIONS: Omission of ND based on computed tomographic scan and positron emission tomography-based complete response to chemoradiation is the most common strategy for advanced nodal disease among centers. However, neck management strategies vary among institutions, and some institutions continue advocating systematic ND before irradiation. The new treatment options and the changing epidemiology, namely docetaxel-based induction chemotherapy and human papilloma virus-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma having better response profiles and prognosis, are adding to the nonconsensual approach. The best therapeutic index in terms of neck management remains to be defined in this evolving context.

[Locally advanced head and neck cancers: recommendations of an expert panel and perspectives for the use of TPF regimen (docetaxel, cisplatin and fluoro-uracil) as induction therapy]. / Cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures (VADS) localement avancés: recommandations d'un panel d'experts et de perspectives pour l'utilisation du schéma TPF (docétaxel, cisplatine, 5-fluoro-uracile) en induction.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present article was to evaluate indications, regimens, treatment modalities, and predictive factors of response to treatment in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). METHODS: An expert panel including otolaryngology and head and neck surgery specialists, oncologists, radiotherapists and biologists analyzed the literature providing a synthesis and giving some recommendations. SYNTHESIS: Findings from the main randomized phase III trials highlight that the TPF regimen (docetaxel, cisplatin, fluorouracil) represent a preferential option when induction chemotherapy is indicated in either operable or non-operable patients. Given the potential fragility of patients presenting with SCCHN, treatment modalities in routine use require applying preventive measures and tailored follow-up according to each patient's profile. As regards predictive factors of response to TPF regimen, no factor is currently validated, but ongoing trials should provide better knowledge. CONCLUSION: Progresses in induction chemotherapy have allowed improving the prognosis of patients with locally advanced SCCHN. The TPF regimen represents a major improvement in this indication, and ongoing strategic clinical trials should refine its indications.

[Radiological and surgical classification of head and neck lymph node anatomy]. / La classification radio-chirurgicale des niveaux ganglionnaires cervicaux.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to present a systematic description of cervical lymph drainage by nodal level. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present, in French, the radiological and surgical classification of the cervical lymph nodes with numerous illustrations. A critical analysis of the advantages and limitations of this tool is presented together with practical guidelines. RESULTS: This classification system is a useful tool for the evaluation of cervical metastases. It provides for more precise treatment and better understanding and communication between specialists, offering the standardization necessary for comparing results obtained by different teams and for multicenter studies. CONCLUSION: This classification of cervical lymph nodes by level is a useful tool for the management of cervical node involvement in head and neck cancer.

[Management of head and neck Langerhan's cell histiocytosis in children]. / Du diagnostic à la prise en charge des localisations ORL de l'histiocytose Langerhansienne chez l'enfant.

OBJECTIVES: Langerhan's cell histiocytosis is an uncommon disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of Langerhan's cells into different organs and tissues. Head and neck involvement is commonly described and presents a difficult management challenge. We report our experience at the Lille University Hospital and review the main features of this disease and current management strategies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively 25 cases of Langerhan's cell histiocytosis treated in our center between 1978 and 2001. Attention was focused on head and neck involvement in order to assess the clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic significance of these localizations. RESULTS: Head and neck involvement is frequently encountered in Langerhan's cell histiocytosis. Although morbidity and mortality are changed little by this localization, management decisions are greatly affected. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary. CONCLUSION: Current therapeutic approaches are in favor of a wait and see policy or chemotherapy instead of aggressive local treatments including surgery or radiotherapy.