ABSTRACT
Resumen El siguiente artículo intenta reflexionar acerca de la relación que se construye entre las mujeres latinas migrantes y las prácticas terapéuticas, atendiendo a los roles designados o asumidos por ellas en los procesos de salud/enfermedad/atención. Se realizó una investigación etnográfica con mujeres caribeñas establecidas en España, con el fin de indagar acerca de determinadas actividades curativas y de cuidado ejercidas por ellas, tanto al interior del hogar como hacia afuera. Además del componente descriptivo, se trabajó con las narrativas y significados específicos elaborados en torno a dichas ocupaciones. Su análisis permitió identificar facetas contradictorias y conflictivas en el desarrollo de la identidad y la experiencia migratoria femenina. Por un lado, las actividades de cuidado como principal alternativa laboral evidencian la desigualdad de oportunidades y ámbitos de incidencia social accesibles a las latinoamericanas. Al mismo tiempo reflejan mecanismos de reproducción de esquemas esencialistas, que naturalizan la división del trabajo en función de "cualidades" étnicas y de género. Por otro lado, el manejo de conocimientos específicos sobre curación, tratamiento y asistencia supone para las mujeres la posesión de un papel distintivo y potencialmente empoderador al interior de la comunidad como continuadoras de determinados saberes tradicionales.
Abstract The article attempts to reflect on the relationship between Latin American immigrant women and therapeutic practices, according to the roles designated or assumed by them in healthcare processes. An ethnographic research was carried out with Caribbean women settled in Spain, in order to inquire about certain curative and care activities exercised by them, both inside and outside their homes. In addition to the descriptive component, we worked specifically with the narratives and meanings elaborated around these occupations. Their analysis allowed us to identify conflicting facets in the development of female identity and migratory experience. Being a caregiver as their main job alternative evidence the inequality of opportunities and social impact areas accessible to Latin women; at the same time, they reproduce essentialist schemes, which naturalize the division of labour according to ethnic and gender "qualities". On the other hand, the management of specific knowledge about healing, treatment and assistance allow women to possess a distinctive and potentially empowering role within the community as continuators of certain traditional knowledge.
Resumo O presente trabalho procura refletir sobre a relação que se constrói entre as mulheres latinas migrantes e as práticas terapêuticas, de acordo com os papéis designados ou assumidos por elas nos processos de saúde/doença/cuidado. Uma pesquisa etnográfica foi realizada com mulheres caribenhas instaladas na Espanha, a fim de indagar sobre certas atividades curativas e cuidados exercidos por elas, tanto dentro como fora de casa. Além do componente descritivo, trabalhamos com narrativas e significados específicos elaborados em torno dessas ocupações. Sua análise permitiu identificar facetas conflitantes no desenvolvimento da identidade feminina e da experiência de migração. As atividades de cuidado como principal alternativa de trabalho evidenciam a desigualdade de oportunidades e áreas de impacto social acessíveis aos latino-americanos; ao mesmo tempo, refletem mecanismos de reprodução de esquemas essencialistas, que naturalizam a divisão do trabalho de acordo com "qualidades" étnicas e de gênero. Por outro lado, a gestão de conhecimentos específicos sobre cura, tratamento e assistência supõe para as mulheres a posse de um papel distintivo e potencialmente empoderador dentro da comunidade como continuadores de certos conhecimentos tradicionais.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Plants, Medicinal , Women , Health-Disease Process , Caregivers , Emigrants and Immigrants , Integrative Medicine , Interpersonal Relations , Phytotherapy , Medicine, Traditional , Spain , Latin America/ethnologyABSTRACT
Background: Surveillance of childhood obesity is essential to guide preventive policies and interventions.Aim: To analyse trends in overweight and obesity by socioeconomic status (SES) in Argentinian schoolchildren during the last decade.Subjects and methods: Two cross-sectional studies in schoolchildren aged 6-12 years were compared. The first study was conducted in 2005/07 (n = 1418) and the second one in 2015/16 (n = 1366). Overweight and obesity were estimated by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs. The type of school (public/private) and parental education level were used as measures of SES. Data were analysed by linear and logistic regression with survey year, type of school, parental education level, and sex as independent variables.Results: From 2005 to 2016 overweight and obesity increased by 7.3% and 5.0%, respectively. The change was significantly higher in boys (9.6% and 8.3%) and girls (9.6% and 5.4%) from public schools, and in children whose fathers had low (10% and 8.3%) and middle (9.0% and 5.5%) education levels. No significant changes were found in children attending private school or those whose fathers had a higher education level.Conclusions: Obesity is still increasing in this population. SES disparities are strongly associated with this trend, with stabilisation in children from high SES.
Subject(s)
Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Social Class , Argentina/epidemiology , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Overweight/epidemiology , PrevalenceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Understanding the factors related to obesity during childhood allows for improved preventive actions specifically adapted to particular communities. The purpose of this study was to identify individual and familiar factors related to obesity in children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban community in Argentina during the years 2015-2016. Weight and height were measured on a probabilistic sample of 1366 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years. BMI categories were established according to International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs. Data were analyzed using multivariate and logistic regression models. Independent variables corresponded to four domains: anthropometric, socioeconomic and demographic, nutritional, and energy balance. RESULTS: Twenty percent of children were categorized as overweight (OW) and 12.2% were obese (OB). Parental IOTF grade was positively associated with childhood OW/OB (father B = 0.421 P = 0.000, OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.24-1.88; mother B = 0.498 P = 0.000, OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.37-1.97). The remaining variables were negatively associated with OW/OB: hours of sleep (B = -0.566 P = 0.001, OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.41-0.79), physical activity (B = -0.362 P = 0.017, OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0-52-0.94), and daily milk intake (B = -0.178 P = 0.045, OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.70-0.99). Parental IOTF predicted both OW and OB, while sleep hours predicted OW and physical activity predicted OB. CONCLUSIONS: Family should be considered the initial target for effective strategies to reduce obesity. Like physical activity, the promotion of milk and dairy intake, as well as sleep, may have a major role in obesity reduction because of their protective effects in this community.
Subject(s)
Drinking , Milk/statistics & numerical data , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Sleep , Animals , Argentina/epidemiology , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Overweight/epidemiology , Pediatric Obesity/etiology , Prevalence , Urban Population/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
La programación e implementación de políticas de salud para la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad se han centrado, clásicamente, en la difusión de mensajes concretos, que identifican los alimentos saludables y resaltan la importancia de la actividad física. A pesar de los esfuerzos recurrentes, las prevalencias en la población adulta e infantil continúan en ascenso. La configuración de las propuestas preventivas parece dejar de lado la perspectiva más compleja del fenómeno alimentario, cuya naturaleza va más allá de su base biológica. Detrás de la presencia de sobrepeso u obesidad, existen factores que exceden las conductas individuales, que se constituyen como elementos de orden social. Esta premisa se sustenta en los aportes realizados desde diversos campos, como la antropología, la sociología y la epidemiología social, sobre todo, durante los últimos treinta años. Este trabajo propone analizar los modelos tradicionales de intervención institucional y visibilizar la importancia de una perspectiva orientada a lo social, que tenga en cuenta el análisis del contexto y de la red de vínculos para el abordaje de la problemática del sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil, con eje en el componente alimentario.
Programming and implementation of health policies for the prevention of overweight and obesity have traditionally focused on the dissemination of specific messages identifying healthy foods and pointing out the importance of physical activity. Despite recurrent efforts, the prevalence of obesity in both adult and children populations continues to rise. The configuration of preventive proposals seems to neglect the more complex reality of the eating phenomenon, whose nature goes beyond its biological basis. Behind the presence of overweight or obesity, there are factors that exceed individual behaviors, which are constituted as elements of social order. This premise is based on the contributions made from several fields such as anthropology, sociology, and social epidemiology, especially over the past thirty years. This study aims to analyze the traditional models of institutional intervention while making visible the importance of a socially-oriented perspective that takes into account context and network analysis to address the problem of childhood overweight and obesity, centered on the food component.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control , Social Support , Models, TheoreticalABSTRACT
Programming and implementation of health policies for the prevention of overweight and obesity have traditionally focused on the dissemination of specific messages identifying healthy foods and pointing out the importance of physical activity. Despite recurrent efforts, the prevalence of obesity in both adult and children populations continues to rise. The configuration of preventive proposals seems to neglect the more complex reality of the eating phenomenon, whose nature goes beyond its biological basis. Behind the presence of overweight or obesity, there are factors that exceed individual behaviors, which are constituted as elements of social order. This premise is based on the contributions made from several fields such as anthropology, sociology, and social epidemiology, especially over the past thirty years. This study aims to analyze the traditional models of institutional intervention while making visible the importance of a socially-oriented perspective that takes into account context and network analysis to address the problem of childhood overweight and obesity, centered on the food component.
La programación e implementación de políticas de salud para la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad se han centrado, clásicamente, en la difusión de mensajes concretos, que identifican los alimentos saludables y resaltan la importancia de la actividad física. A pesar de los esfuerzos recurrentes, las prevalencias en la población adulta e infantil continúan en ascenso. La configuración de las propuestas preventivas parece dejar de lado la perspectiva más compleja del fenómeno alimentario, cuya naturaleza va más allá de su base biológica. Detrás de la presencia de sobrepeso u obesidad, existen factores que exceden las conductas individuales, que se constituyen como elementos de orden social. Esta premisa se sustenta en los aportes realizados desde diversos campos, como la antropología, la sociología y la epidemiología social, sobre todo, durante los últimos treinta años. Este trabajo propone analizar los modelos tradicionales de intervención institucional y visibilizar la importancia de una perspectiva orientada a lo social, que tenga en cuenta el análisis del contexto y de la red de vínculos para el abordaje de la problemática del sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil, con eje en el componente alimentario.
