Small cell carcinoma of the prostate after low-dose-rate brachytherapy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Small cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare condition with important differences from prostatic adenocarcinoma in terms of clinical and prognostic characteristics. A low prostate-specific antigen and a symptomatic patient, including paraneoplastic symptoms, characterize small cell carcinoma of the prostate. Diagnosis is made on the basis of prostate biopsy, and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography is often used for staging because up to 60% of patients present with de novo metastatic disease. Patients with metastatic disease are usually treated with platinum-based cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens similar to those used for small cell carcinoma of the lung. However, prognosis remains poor, with a median overall survival of 9 to 17 months despite therapy. CASE PRESENTATION: This report describes a case of an 80-year-old Caucasian patient with lymph node and bone metastatic small cell carcinoma of the prostate following low-dose-rate brachytherapy for a low-risk prostate carcinoma and treated with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. CONCLUSION: Low-dose-rate brachytherapy might be an etiology of small cell prostate cancer.

125I brachytherapy in younger prostate cancer patients : Outcomes in low- and intermediate-risk disease.

PURPOSE: To evaluate local recurrence in younger men treated with low-dose-rate (LDR) 125I brachytherapy (BT) for localized prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 192 patients (≤65-years-old) were treated with LDR 125I-BT ± hormone therapy. Local failure was defined as any prostate-specific antigen (PSA) rise leading to salvage treatment or biochemical failure according to the Phoenix definition. A bounce was defined as a rise in the nadir of ≥0.2 ng/mL followed by spontaneous return. Proportions were compared using Fisher's exact tests; continuous variables using the unpaired t-test or its non-parametric equivalent. Cox proportional hazards models were applied for multivariable survival analysis. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 66 months. The 5­year local recurrence-free survival was 96.1%. Biopsy-proven local recurrence developed in 13 patients, 4 had a Phoenix-defined recurrence at the last follow-up. Androgen deprivation therapy was started in 1 patient without proven recurrence. Univariable risk factors for local recurrence were: at least 50% positive biopsies, intermediate risk, treatment with neoadjuvant hormone therapy, low preimplantation volume receiving 100% of the prescribed dose, and no bounce development. Hormone-naïve patients not attaining a PSA value <0.5 ng/mL during follow-up also had a higher risk of local recurrences. Cox regression demonstrated that the variables "at least 50% positive biopsies" and "bounce" significantly impacted local failure (hazard ratio, HR 1.02 and 11.59, respectively). A bounce developed in 70 patients (36%). Younger patients and those treated with a lower activity per volume had a higher chance of developing a bounce in the Cox model (HR 0.99 and 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION: For younger men, LDR BT is a valid primary curative treatment option in low-risk and is to consider in intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer.

Implementation of uHear™--an iOS-based application to screen for hearing loss--in older patients with cancer undergoing a comprehensive geriatric assessment.

OBJECTIVE: Validation of uHear™ as a screening tool to detect hearing loss in older patients with cancer without a known diagnosis of presbycusis, as part of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients (≥70 years) with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of cancer, were enrolled at the time of CGA screening. Patients were evaluated by uHear™, which was compared to conventional audiometry as gold standard. We defined a pure-tone average (PTA) of ≥40dB HL as the pass or fail screening cut-off. Validation of uHear™ was defined in terms of diagnostic accuracy through Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC)-analysis. To accept uHear™, we estimated that the Area Under the ROC-curve (AUC) had to differ significantly from 0.50 with an AUC of at least 0.70. The Whispered Voice Test and Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly were also administered. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients consented for participation. In one patient, the results of one ear were excluded from the analysis as the patient was documented with a known hearing disorder in that ear. Significant hearing loss, defined by a PTA of ≥40dB HL calculated from the air conduction thresholds at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0kHz, was found in 15.4% of tested ears. uHear™ showed excellent diagnostic accuracy with an AUC±SE of 0.98±0.14. It provided maximum sensitivity (100.0%) but poor specificity (36.4%) at our predefined cut-off score of ≥40dB HL. CONCLUSION: uHear™ can be implemented as a screening tool to detect hearing loss in older patients with cancer within a CGA.

Does Multimedia Education with 3D Animation Impact Quality and Duration of Urologists' Interactions with their Prostate Cancer Patients?

INTRODUCTION: This large multicenter study aimed to assess the impact of the use of multimedia tools on the duration and the quality of the conversation between healthcare providers (urologists, radiotherapists and nurses) and their patients. METHODS: 30 urological centers in Belgium used either videos or other instructive tools in their consultation with prostate cancer patients. Each consultation was evaluated for duration and quality using a visual analog scale. RESULTS: In total, 905 patient visits were evaluated: 447 without and 458 with video support. During consultations with video support, an average of 2.3 videos was shown. Video support was judged to be practical and to improve the quality of consultations, without loss of time, regardless of patient age or stage of disease management (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Healthcare providers indicate that the use of videos improved patient comprehension about prostate cancer, as well as the quality information exchange, without increasing consultation time. The use of video material was feasible in daily practice, and was easy to understand, relevant and culturally appropriate, even for the most elderly men. Multimedia education also helped to empower men to actively participate in their healthcare and treatment discussions. FUNDING: Ipsen NV.

Platelet-derived VWF is not essential for normal thrombosis and hemostasis but fosters ischemic stroke injury in mice.

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a key hemostatic protein synthesized in both endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. Megakaryocyte-derived VWF is stored in α-granules of platelets and is enriched in hyperactive "ultra-large" VWF multimers. To elucidate the specific contribution of platelet VWF in hemostasis and thrombosis, we performed crossed bone marrow transplantations between C57BL/6J and Vwf(-/-) mice to generate chimeric mice. Chimeric mice specifically lacking platelet VWF showed normal tail bleeding and carotid artery thrombosis, similar to wild-type mice. Chimeric mice with VWF present only in platelets were not able to support normal thrombosis and hemostasis. However, using a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, we observed that cerebral infarct sizes and fibrin(ogen) deposition in chimeric mice with only platelet VWF were significantly increased compared with Vwf(-/-) mice (P < .01). Blocking of the platelet VWF-glycoprotein (GP)Ib interaction abrogated this platelet VWF-mediated injury. These data suggest that whereas platelet-derived VWF does not play a crucial role in hemostasis and arterial thrombosis, it aggravates thrombo-inflammatory diseases such as stroke via a GPIb-dependent mechanism.

Treatment of recalcitrant wounds of diverse etiology with a new hydroactive gel.

Our knowledge about wound care has progressed considerably in recent years. Nonetheless there is a continuing need for new topical hydroactive gels in this field. Flamigel® (Flen Pharma NV, Kontich, Belgium) has recently been used on a limited number of burn patients. The hydroactive colloid gel maintains the wound in an ideal moist environment. The polymer in the tube is present in two physical forms-active and inactive. In a dry wound, the active polymer will release part of its moisture to hydrate the wound and to create and maintain a moist wound environment ("hydrogel" effect). The inactive polymer remains inactive. In an exuding wound, the inactive polymer is activated by the wound exudate and starts absorbing wound exudate ("hydrocolloid" effect). The absorption ceases when the entire polymer is activated and saturated with exudate. The wound itself decides whether the hydroactive gel absorbs or hydrates; hydration in case of a dry wound, absorption in case of an exuding wound. As a result, the wound is kept in a moist environment, which optimizes wound-healing speed and reduces the likelihood of scarring. This study investigated the wound-healing capacities of the hydroactive gel in wounds that have failed to respond to other treatments. .