ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cranial vault defects can pose a significant problem for neurosurgeons where autologous bone is no longer available for cranioplasty. Numerous materials exist to create implants which include polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and titanium. A technique using 3-dimensional CT scan reconstruction of a cranial defect and creating a silicon mould which can be autoclaved in theatre to create a PMMA implant was developed. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, cosmetic result, safety and cost-effectiveness of this procedure and compare this to existing techniques. METHOD: An ambispective study was performed in patients requiring cranioplasty with a custom made implant. Patients were assessed for risk factors and cosmetic outcome, surgical technique was described and complications and cost compared to existing literature between 2010 and 2016. RESULTS: Thirty retrospective and 30 consecutive prospective patients were recruited into the study. Overall sepsis rate was 8.3%. All septic cases had superficial sepsis of which 2 grafts were removed due to cerebrospinal fluid leakage resulting in wound breakdown. A 100% accurate implant to defect ratio was achieved leading to a high satisfaction rate. Average cost was 5 times cheaper than the closest market related product. CONCLUSION: Patient specific moulds using PMMA to create custom implants are safe, have excellent cosmetic results and are a very cost-effective option to manage cranial defects. Accurate planning strategies for large craniotomies, where bone will potentially be discarded, add to surgical effectiveness and cost-saving to the patient.
Subject(s)
Craniotomy/methods , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Polymethyl Methacrylate/chemistry , Prosthesis Design/methods , Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Adult , Cohort Studies , Developing Countries , Esthetics , Female , Hospitals, University , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Anatomic , Prostheses and Implants , Prosthesis Design/economics , Prosthesis Implantation/economics , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Silicones/chemistry , Skull Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Skull Fractures/surgery , Skull Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Skull Neoplasms/surgery , South Africa , Titanium , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Background: Cranial vault defects can pose a significant problem for neurosurgeons where autologous bone is no longer available for cranioplasty. Numerous materials exist to create implants which include polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and titanium. A technique using 3-dimensional CT scan reconstruction of a cranial defect and creating a silicon mould which can be autoclaved in theatre to create a PMMA implant was developed. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, cosmetic result, safety and cost-effectiveness of this procedure and compare this to existing techniques.Methods: An ambispective study was performed in patients requiring cranioplasty with a custom made implant. Patients were assessed for risk factors and cosmetic outcome, surgical technique was described and complications and cost compared to existing literature between 2010 and 2016.Results: Thirty retrospective and 30 consecutive prospective patients were recruited into the study. Overall sepsis rate was 8.3%. All septic cases had superficial sepsis of which 2 grafts were removed due to cerebrospinal fluid leakage resulting in wound breakdown. A 100% accurate implant to defect ratio was achieved leading to a high satisfaction rate. Average cost was 5 times cheaper than the closest market related product.Conclusion: Patient specific moulds using PMMA to create custom implants are safe, have excellent cosmetic results and are a very cost-effective option to manage cranial defects. Accurate planning strategies for large craniotomies, where bone will potentially be discarded, add to surgical effectiveness and cost-saving to the patient
Subject(s)
Patients , Polymethyl Methacrylate , Skull Fractures , South AfricaABSTRACT
Hydrocephalus is a common complication of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in children. In this study, 217 patients with stage II and III TBM and hydrocephalus (TBMH) were reviewed. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) was performed in the acute stage if the hydrocephalus was non-communicating or following failed medical therapy if the hydrocephalus was communicating. Following this protocol only 65 of 217 (29.9%) patients eventually required VPS. Non-communicating hydrocephalus was present in 38 of 65 (58.5%) and communicating hydrocephalus in 27 of 65 (41.5%) of the shunted cases. These 65 cases were followed for 6 months and their outcome assessed. Good outcome or moderate disability was seen in 55.4% and 12.3% died. Different factors relating to outcome are discussed. The shunted patients in this study had a high complication rate of 32.3%, with shunt infection and shunt obstruction each occurring in 9 of 65 (13.5%) of cases. TBM complicated by hydrocephalus remains a devastating condition and VPS in these patients has a high complication rate. Identifying those patients who may be managed without shunting will save costs and reduce complications, however early VPS in patients with non-communicating hydrocephalus is still indicated.
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis, Meningeal/surgery , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt , Child , Child, Preschool , Follow-Up Studies , Glasgow Coma Scale , Humans , Hydrocephalus/surgery , Infant , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/pathologySubject(s)
Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Age Factors , Antitussive Agents/adverse effects , Antitussive Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Dextromethorphan/adverse effects , Dextromethorphan/therapeutic use , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Infant , Nasal Decongestants/therapeutic use , Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee , Phenylephrine/adverse effects , Phenylephrine/therapeutic use , Societies, Medical , Vasoconstrictor Agents/adverse effects , Vasoconstrictor Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Iopamidol (Jopamiron 200) is a new water-soluble, non-ionic contrast medium for myelography, which recommends itself for reasons of safety, diagnostic effectiveness, economy and convenience. It has been used in a small series of 185 patients in doses of 10-15 ml and found to be highly satisfactory for myelography of the lumbosacral, thoracic and cervical regions.
