Effects of resveratrol on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury may lead to acute kidney injury, which is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Resveratrol (RSV) can be extracted from Chinese herbs, and multiple animal experiments have demonstrated its potential for renal protection. This systematic review evaluates the protective effect of RSV against renal I/R injury in animal models. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases were searched for animal experiments related to RSV in renal I/R injury from their establishment to June 2022. In total, 19 studies were included with 249 animals (129 treated with RSV and 120 as controls). The pooled analysis revealed that RSV administration significantly decreased serum creatinine (SCr) levels (16 studies, n = 243, WMD = -58.13, 95% CI = -79.26 to -37.00, p < 0.00001) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (12 studies, n = 163, WMD = -34.37, 95% CI = -46.70 to -22.03, p < 0.00001) in the renal I/R injury model. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress index, was alleviated [7 studies, n = 106, standardized mean difference (SMD) = -6.05, 95% CI = -8.90 to -3.21, p < 0.0001] and antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione (GSH) (7 studies, n = 115, SMD = 9.25, 95% CI = 5.51-13.00, p < 0.00001) and catalase (CAT) (4 studies, n = 59, SMD = 8.69, 95% CI = 4.35-13.03, p < 0.0001) were increased after treatment of RSV. The subgroup analysis suggested that 5-10 mg/kg of RSV optimally protects against renal I/R injury as both the BUN and SCr levels were significantly decreased at this dosage. The protective effects of RSV against renal I/R injury might be attributed to multiple mechanisms, such as inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, fibrillation, and promoting autophagy. For a deeper understanding of the protective effects of RSV, experimental studies on animal models and large randomized controlled trials in humans are needed.

Protective Effect of Melatonin for Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the major causes related to acute kidney damage. Melatonin has been shown as a powerful antioxidant, with many animal experiments have been designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of it to renal I/R injury. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of melatonin for renal I/R injury in animal models. Methods and Results: The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Science Direct were searched for animal experiments applying melatonin to treat renal I/R injury to February 2021. Thirty-one studies were included. The pooled analysis showed a greater reduction of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (21 studies, weighted mean difference (WMD) = -30.00 [-42.09 to -17.91], p < 0.00001), and serum creatinine (SCr) (20 studies, WMD = -0.91 [-1.17 to -0.66], p < 0.00001) treated with melatonin. Subgroup analysis suggested that multiple administration could reduce the BUN compared with control. Malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase were significantly reduced, meanwhile, melatonin significantly improved the activity of glutathione, as well as superoxide dismutase. The possible mechanism for melatonin to treat renal I/R injury is inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, and fibrillation in AKI to chronic kidney disease. Conclusions: From the available data of small animal studies, this systematic review demonstrated that melatonin could improve renal function and antioxidative effects to cure renal I/R injury through, then multiple administration of melatonin might be more appropriate. Nonetheless, extensive basic experiments are need to study the mechanism of melatonin, then well-designed randomized controlled trials to explore the protective effect of melatonin.

Berberine prevents the apoptosis of mouse podocytes induced by TRAF5 overexpression by suppressing NF-κB activation.

Berberine (BBR) has previously been found to exert beneficial effects on renal injury in experimental rats. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not yet fully understood. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 5 (TRAF5) has been demonstrated to mediate the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BBR on kidney injury and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in mouse podocytes. TRAF5 was found to be overexpressed in patients with CKD and chronic renal failure (CRF) (data obtained from the dataset GSE48944, as well as from patients at Shuguang Hospital). TRAF5 overexpression significantly inhibited cell viability and induced the apoptosis of mouse podocytes. However, BBR prevented the decrease in cell viability and the apoptosis induced by TRAF5 overexpression. The NF-κB inhibitor, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), mimicked the protective effects of BBR, as evidenced by the increased expression of nephrin and podocin, and the decreased the expression of caspase-3 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Moreover, BBR prevented the decrease in cell viability decrease and the apoptosis induced by TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Taken together, our data indicate that BBR exerts protective effects against CRF partly through the TRAF5-mediated activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in mouse podocytes.

Is manipulative therapy clinically necessary for relief of neck pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize and critically assess the effificacy of Eastern and Western manipulative therapies for the treatment of neck pain in adults. METHODS: A search of PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, etc. from their inception date to January 2014 with Chinese, Japanese, and Korean databases. Two reviewers independently selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with negative control or blank control, extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Meta-analysis and levels of evidence were performed by Revman5.1 and Grades of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS: Nineteen clinical trials with adequate randomization were included in this review, 11 of them had a low risk of bias. The primary outcome for short-term pain had no significant differences, however, the secondary outcome, only the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) score of intermediate-term [n=916, pooled mean differences (MD) =-0.29, P=0.02], the Neck Disability Index (NDI) score of short-term (n=1,145, pooled MD=-2.10, P<0.01), and intermediate-term (n=987, pooled MD=-1.45, P=0.01) were signifificantly reduced with moderate quality evidence. However, it supported the minimally clinically important difference (MCID) of the Visual Analogue Scale and NPRS pain score to be 13 mm, while NDI was 3.5 points. The meta-analysis only suggested a trend in favor of manipulative therapy rather than clinical signifificance. CONCLUSIONS: The results do not support the existing evidences for the clinical value of Eastern or Western manipulative therapy for neck pain of short-term follow-up according to MCIDs. The limitations of our review related to blinding, allocation concealment and small sample size.

[Multicolor FISH analysis of rDNA and telomere on spin-ach].

In this study, multicolor FISH analysis on metaphase chromosomes of spinach with biotin-labeled 25S rDNA, DIG-labeled telomere sequences and biotin-labeled and DIG-labeled 5S rDNA was performed. There were six 25S rDNA loci, which were located on the satellites of the third, the fifth and the sixth chromosomes, four 5S rDNA loci, which were located on the long arms of the third and the fifth chromosomes. The telomere loci were located on the end of the sixth chromosome and also on both the end and centromeric regions of other chromosomes. This study is an important complement to both traditional karyotype analysis and FISH karyotype analysis in spinach.