Determination of mine fault activation degree and the division of tectonic stress hazard zones.

This article conducts a comprehensive study on the activation characteristics of faults in the mine and analyzes the distribution patterns of the original rock stress field. Through quantitative research and analysis, we determine the partitioning characteristics of tectonic stress in the mine field under the dual effects of fault activation and original rock stress. The study also reveals the significant impact of different fault activation characteristics and different tectonic stress partitions on the stability of roadway surrounding rock. Using the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion as a foundation, we investigate the mechanisms of fault activation and establish a mathematical model for fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. This model enables us to determine the strength level of fault activation in coal seam 9 of the Limin coal mine and construct a geological structure model. It has realized the transformation of fault activation degree from qualitative evaluation to quantitative evaluation. The stress state analysis software is used to draw the division of tectonic stress dangerous areas under the synergistic effect of fault activation and original rock stress. We then analyze the impact on the stability of roadway surrounding rock in these different hazardous areas. Utilizing the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, we take into account the impact of faults on the distribution characteristics of stress fields and the stability of roadway surrounding rock. This approach enables us to more accurately and comprehensively determine the hazardous areas of tectonic stress in the mine field under the dual effects of faults and original rock stress.

Phosphotungstic Acid as a Dechlorination Agent Collaborates with CeO2 for Synergistic Catalytic Elimination of NOx and Chlorobenzene.

The development of efficient technologies for the synergistic catalytic elimination of NOx and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) remains challenging. Chlorine species from CVOCs are prone to catalyst poisoning, which increases the degradation temperature of CVOCs and fails to balance the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with the NH3 (NH3-SCR) performance. Herein, synergistic catalytic elimination of NOx and chlorobenzene has been originally demonstrated by using phosphotungstic acid (HPW) as a dechlorination agent to collaborate with CeO2. The conversion of chlorobenzene was over 80% at 270 °C, and the NOx conversion and N2 selectivity reached over 95% at 270-420 °C. HPW not only allowed chlorine species to leave as inorganic chlorine but also enhanced the BroÌ·nsted acidity of CeO2. The NH4+ produced in the NH3-SCR process can effectively promote the dechlorination of chlorobenzene at low temperatures. HPW remained structurally stable in the synergistic reaction, resulting in good water resistance and long-term stability. This work provides a cheaper and more environmentally friendly strategy to address chlorine poisoning in the synergistic reaction and offers new guidance for multipollutant control.

Synergistic catalytic removal of NOx and chlorinated organics through the cooperation of different active sites.

The synergistic removal of NOx and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) has become the hot topic in the field of environmental catalysis. However, due to the trade-off effects between catalytic reduction of NOx and catalytic oxidation of CVOCs, it is indispensable to achieve well-matched redox property and acidity. Herein, synergistic catalytic removal of NOx and chlorobenzene (CB, as the model of CVOCs) has been originally demonstrated over a Co-doped SmMn2O5 mullite catalyst. Two kinds of Mn-Mn sites existed in Mn-O-Mn-Mn and Co-O-Mn-Mn sites were constructed, which owned gradient redox ability. It has been demonstrated that the cooperation of different active sites can achieve the balanced redox and acidic property of the SmMn2O5 catalyst. It is interesting that the d band center of Mn-Mn sites in two different sites was decreased by the introduction of Co, which inhibited the nitrate species deposition and significantly improved the N2 selectivity. The Co-O-Mn-Mn sites were beneficial to the oxidation of CB and it cooperates with Mn-O-Mn-Mn to promote the synergistic catalytic performance. This work paves the way for synergistic removal of NOx and CVOCs over cooperative active sites in catalysts.

Strong metal oxide-zeolite interactions during selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides.

In response to the stricter EU VII emission standards and the "150 â„ƒ challenge", selective catalytic reduction by ammonia (NH3-SCR) catalysts for motor vehicles are required to achieve high NO conversion below 200 °C. Compounding metal oxides with zeolites is an important strategy to design the low-temperature SCR catalysts. Here, we original prepared Cu-SSZ-13 @ MnGdOx (Cu-Z @ MGO), which achieved over 90% NO conversion and 95% N2 selectivity at 150 â„ƒ. It has been demonstrated that a uniform mesoporous loaded layer of MGO grows on Cu-Z, and a recrystallization zone appears at the MGO-Cu-Z interface. We discover that the excellent low-temperature SCR activity derives from the strong metal oxide-zeolite interaction (SMZI) effects. The SMZI effects cause the anchor and high dispersion of MGO on the surface of Cu-Z. Driven by the SMZI effects, the Mn3+/Mn4+ redox cycle ensures the low and medium temperature-SCR activity and the Cu2+/Cu+ redox cycle guarantees the medium and high temperature-SCR activity. The introduction of MGO improves the reaction activity of -NH2 species adsorbed at Mn sites at 150 â„ƒ, achieving a cycle of reduction and oxidation reactions at low temperatures. This strategy of inducing SMZI effects of metal oxides and zeolites paves a way for development of high-performance catalysts.

Update on the outcome of M-protein screening program of multiple myeloma in China: A 7-year cohort study.

BACKGROUND: To improve the early detection rate of multiple myeloma (MM), the M-protein screening system has been performed in the hospital population at Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University since 2014, with electrophoretic-based monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein) screening integrated into the blood biochemistry panel. This study updated 7-year follow-up findings of MM patients diagnosed by screening-driven and symptom-driven approaches. METHODS: The retrospective study compared the characteristics and outcomes of patients diagnosed through two patterns by reviewing the plasma cell disease database from January 2014 to October 2021. The screening-driven group included patients diagnosed through the screening system during workups of unrelated medical conditions or routine checkups. In contrast, patients who visited or were referred to the hematological department due to myeloma-related end-organ damage were categorized into the symptom-driven group. RESULTS: There were 3,110,218 serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) tests performed during 7 years, with 1.95% (60,609) patients yielding positive SPEP results. Of 911 confirmed MM cases (excluding concurrent amyloidosis), 366 were assigned to the screening-driven group, while 545 were to the symptom-driven group. Compared to the symptom-driven group, the screening group had more IgG subtypes, earlier International Stage System stages, fewer disease-related symptoms, lower ECOG scores, less extramedullary disease, a lower percentage of bone marrow plasma cells, and a lower level of lactate dehydrogenase. Frontline response results of two groups were similar. Patients detected through screening had a significantly improved median progression-free survival (PFS) than the symptom-driven group (62.2 vs. 24.9 months, p < 0.001, HR: 2.12, 95% CIs: 1.69-2.65), with median follow-ups of 32.6 and 27.4 months. Furthermore, the median overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in patients of the screening group (not reached vs. 62.3 months, p < 0.001, HR: 2.49, 95% CIs: 1.81-3.41). After being adjusted for well-acknowledged myeloma prognostic factors, the screening-driven diagnostic pattern remained an independent prognostic factor indicating improved PFS and OS in MM patients. CONCLUSION: Routine M-protein screening for MM in the hospital population results in an earlier diagnosis and better patient outcomes.

The loss of neoantigens is an important reason for immune escape in multiple myeloma patients with high intratumor heterogeneity.

OBJECTIVES: Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is an important factor for clinical outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). High ITH has been proven to be a key reason for tumor immune escape and treatment resistance. Neoantigens are thought to be associated with ITH, but the specific correlation and functional basis for this remains unclear. METHODS: We study this question through the whole-exome sequencing (WES) data from 43 high ITH newly diagnosed MM patients in our center. Mutant allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH) was conducted to quantify ITH. The cutoff value for high intratumor heterogeneity was determined by comparing MATH of different kinds of tumors. NeoPredPipe was performed to predict neoantigens and binding affinity. RESULTS: Compared to other tumors, MM has a relatively low tumor mutation burden but a high ITH. Patients with high MATH had significantly shorter progression-free survival times than those with low MATH (p = 0.001). In high ITH samples, there is a decrease in strong-binding neoantigens (p = 0.019). The loss of strong-binding neoantigens is a key factor for insensitivity to therapy (p = 0.015). Loss of heterozygosity in HLA was not observed. In addition, patients with fewer neoantigens loss had higher rates of disease remission (p = 0.047). CD8 + T cells (p = 0.012) and NK cells (p = 0.011) decreased significantly in patients with high neoantigens loss rate. A prediction model based on neoantigens was built to evaluate the strength of immune escape. CONCLUSION: The loss of strong-binding neoantigens explains why tumors with high ITH have a higher degree of immune escape and may be feasible for deciding the clinical treatment of MM.

Mine pressure behavior law of isolated island working face under extremely close goaf in shallow coal seam.

In order to study the mining pressure characteristics of the shallow buried coal seam with the same silo working face under the very close mining void zone and the overlying coal rock body, the theoretical analysis is used to determine whether the open-cutting eye bearing layer belongs to the mining under the very close mining void zone or not, based on the numerical simulation of FLAC3D and on-site measurement of the working resistance at the end of the cycle of the working face's hydraulic bracket, It is proposed to divide the mining stress of the working face based on the advancing length of the working face, that is, the high-pressure zone, the transition zone and the low-pressure zone. The results of the study show that: FLAC3D software was used to analyze the stress intensity of the "C" island working face when it was mined back to 50 m, 100 m, 150 m, and 180 m (one time "square"), and the simulation results were imported into the Origin software, which was used to analyze the stress intensity of the working face. The simulation results were imported into Origin software, and the influence range of mining stress was divided into four areas: high-stress area, stress transition area, low-stress area, and "square" stress concentration area. According to the on-site measurement of the working resistance at the end of hydraulic support cycle, the initial pressure step of the working face under the overlying coal rock body is 48.9-55.7 m, with the peak value of 38 MPa, the cycle pressure step is 9.0-23.3 m, with the peak value of 36 MPa, and the dynamic load factor of the working face is 1.14-1.16; relative to the overlying coal rock body, the average decrease of the cycle pressure step is nearly 10% and the average increase of dynamic load factor is 1.14-1.16; compared with that under the overlying coal rock body, the average decrease of the cycle pressure step is nearly 10% and the average increase of dynamic load factor is 1.14-1.16. Compared with the overlying coal rock body, the average decrease of the cycle pressure step under the overlying mining zone is nearly 10%, the average increase of the dynamic load factor is 20%, and there is no obvious regularity and periodicity in the direction of strike, and the working face is divided into three parts along the direction of strike: high-pressure zone, transition zone, and low-pressure zone. Therefore, in the process of mining under the overlying coal rock body, we should strengthen the roadway peripheral rock support and roof and floor management, which is of guiding significance to the mining of similar working faces and mine safety production.

Clinical profiles in multiple myeloma patients with extreme survivals: a study from a National Medical Center in China.

OBJECTIVES: The clinical outcomes of multiple myeloma (MM) patients are highly variable in the real-world setting. Some MM patients may have clinical endings that do not abide by the book. We aim to describe features of MM patients with extreme survivals in real-world practice. METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled 941 patients consecutively visited a national medical center, China, between July 1995 and December 2021. Among patients, we identified two groups of MM patients with extreme survivals, 56 were in the long-term remission (LR) group with progression-free survival (PFS) ≥ 60 months, and 82 were in the rapid progression (RP) group with PFS ≤ 6 months. RESULTS: CRAB features, of which hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, and anemia were more common in the RP group, except for bone disease, with a comparable incidence at diagnosis in both groups (88.8 vs 85.7%, P = 0.52). High-risk cytogenetics was detected in 45.7% of patients in the RP group. Of note, 14.3% of MM patients in the LR group harbored del (17p). According to the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS), 9% of patients belonged to stage I in the RP group, and 19% of patients in the LR group were found in stage III. There were 8 (15.7%) patients in the LR group only achieved partial response (PR) as the best response. Median time to best response (TBR) for LR and RP group patients was 4.6 and 1.4 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The disparities in the survivals of MM patients indicated that some unexpected factors have influenced the outcomes in the real-world setting.

Lobaplatin induces apoptosis in T24 and 5637 bladder cancer cells by regulating Bcl-2 and Bax expression and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Background: Lobaplatin (LBP) is a third-generation platinum-based drug that has been approved only in China for the treatment of several cancer types. Nonetheless, its efficacy in treating bladder cancer (BC) is unclear thus far. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, this study aimed to explore whether LBP has an antitumor effect on T24 and 5637 BC cells and whether the effect is related to B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and regulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Methods: For in vitro experiments, the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to determine how different concentrations of LBP affect the viability of two types of BC cells. A wound healing assay was used to test the inhibitory effect of LBP on the migration of the two cell lines. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (V-FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) staining was used to detect changes in cell apoptosis before and after LBP treatment, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and PI3K/Akt pathway proteins. For in vivo experiments, a cell-derived xenograft (CDX) model was employed, and the weight of nude mice and the tumor size were measured. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the effect of LBP on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in tumor xenografts. Results: In vitro, LBP reduced proliferation (P<0.05), inhibited migration (P<0.05), and induced apoptosis in T24 (31.25%±1.20%, P<0.01) and 5637 (14.3%±2.24%, P<0.05) BC cells, in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05); increased the expression of proapoptotic proteins, including Bax, caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 (P<0.05); and suppressed the expression of antiapoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2, PI3K, Akt and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt). The in vivo experiment confirmed that LBP can reduce the size of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice (P<0.05), increase the expression levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and lower the expression of Bcl-2 (P<0.05) in bladder tumor tissue. Conclusions: The results obtained from both experiments suggest that LBP can inhibit the proliferation of T24 and 5637 BC cells, which might be credited to its effects in regulating Bcl-2 and Bax expression and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Prediction of microseismic events in rock burst mines based on MEA-BP neural network.

Microseismic monitoring is an important tool for predicting and preventing rock burst incidents in mines, as it provides precursor information on rock burst. To improve the prediction accuracy of microseismic events in rock burst mines, the working face of the Hegang Junde coal mine is selected as the research object, and the research data will consist of the microseismic monitoring data from this working face over the past 4 years, adopts expert system and temporal energy data mining method to fuse and analyze the mine pressure manifestation regularity and microseismic data, and the "noise reduction" data model is established. By comparing the MEA-BP and traditional BP neural network models, the results of the study show that the prediction accuracy of the MEA-BP neural network model was higher than that of the BP neural network. The absolute and relative errors of the MEA-BP neural network were reduced by 247.24 J and 46.6%, respectively. Combined with the online monitoring data of the KJ550 rock burst, the MEA-BP neural network proved to be more effective in microseismic energy prediction and improved the accuracy of microseismic event prediction in rock burst mines.

Revealing the Dynamic Behavior of Active Sites on Acid-Functionalized CeO2 Catalysts for NOx Reduction.

Unraveling the dynamics of the active sites upon CeO2-based catalysts in selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by ammonia (NH3-SCR) is challenging. In this work, we prepared tungsten-acidified and sulfated CeO2 catalysts and used operando spectroscopy to reveal the dynamics of acid sites and redox sites on catalysts during NH3-SCR reaction. We found that both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites are needed to participate in the catalytic reaction. Notably, Brønsted acid sites are the main active sites after a tungsten-acidified or sulfated treatment, and the change of Brønsted acid sites significantly affects the NOx removal. Moreover, acid functionalization promotes the cerium species cycle between Ce4+ and Ce3+ for the NOx reduction. This work is critical to deeply understanding the natural properties of active sites, and it also provides new insights into the mechanism for NH3-SCR over CeO2-based catalysts.

Thrombosis events in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

A high risk of thrombosis is seen in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), particularly those treated with immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs). Large cohorts addressing the thrombosis issue of NDMM patients in Asia are lacking. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical information of NDMM patients diagnosed in Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, a national medical center, from January 2013 to June 2021. Death and thrombotic events (TEs) were the endpoints. To investigate risk factors for TEs, the Fine and Gray competing risk regression models were created, in which unrelated deaths were labeled as competing risk events. A total of 931 NDMM patients were recruited in our study. The median follow-up was 23 months [interquartile range (IQR): 9-43 months]. Forty-two patients (4.51%) developed TEs, including 40 cases (4.30%) of venous thrombosis and 2 cases (0.21%) of arterial thrombosis. The median time from taking first-line treatment to TEs occurrence was 2.03 months (IQR: 0.52-5.70 months). The cumulative incidence of TEs was higher in patients treated with IMiDs than in those without IMiDs (8.25 vs. 4.32%, p = 0.038). There was no difference in the incidence of TEs between lenalidomide-based and thalidomide-based groups (7.80 vs. 8.84%, p = 0.886). Besides, TEs occurrence did not adversely affect OS (p = 0.150) or PFS (p = 0.210) in MM patients. Chinese NDMM patients have a lower incidence of thrombosis than those in western countries. The risk of thrombosis was particularly increased in patients treated with IMiDs. TEs were not associated with inferior progression-free survival or overall survival.

Real world outcomes of lenalidomide or bortezomib maintenance in patients with multiple myeloma not undergoing stem cell transplantation.

Maintenance is one form of long-term therapies in multiple myeloma (MM). Lenalidomide and bortezomib are two commonly used options. The role of maintenance in patients not undergoing transplant remains unclear. A total of 248 newly diagnosed MM patients who received over 180 days of any standard-of-care induction therapy and did not receive autologous stem cell transplantation were included. Patients either receive lenalidomide, bortezomib or no maintenance. Patterns of usage, survival benefit, discontinuation status were analyzed. 93, 99 and 56 patients received no, lenalidomide (Len) and bortezomib (Bor) maintenance respectively. Patients receiving Bor had a higher incidence of traditional high-risk cytogenetics (14.0% (No) vs 14.1% (Len) vs 41.1% (Bor), P < 0.001). Len maintenance conferred a superior progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to no maintenance (median PFS, 60.1 vs 26.9 months, P = 0.003; median OS, NR vs 56.7 months, P = 0.046), with a near independent impact on PFS (adjusted HR 0.580, P = 0.058). The PFS and OS benefit of Len maintenance was seen in subgroups of ISS stage I/II, traditional standard-risk cytogenetics, and pre-maintenance < CR. Bor maintenance did not confer PFS or OS benefit for the entire cohort, but improved OS in patients with pre-maintenance < CR. Discontinuation due to toxicity was recorded in 11.1% and 8.9% of patients receiving Len or Bor maintenance respectively. Our study supports lenalidomide maintenance as the standard-of-care in MM patients not undergoing transplant. Further studies are warranted for bortezomib maintenance in the non-transplant setting, and better maintenance strategy is needed for patients with adverse prognostic factors.

The evolving diagnosis and treatment paradigms of multiple myeloma in China: 15 years' experience of 1256 patients in a national medical center.

BACKGROUND: Significant advances in multiple myeloma (MM) over the past 15 years led to exciting changes in the management of MM patients in China, which in turn brought about the early diagnoses, precise risk stratifications, and improved prognoses. METHODS: We summarized the dynamic changes in the management of newly diagnosed (ND) MM in a national medical center, crossing the old and novel drug era. Demographics, clinical characteristics, first-line treatment, response rate, and survival were retrospectively collected among NDMMs diagnosed in Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University from January 2007 to October 2021. RESULTS: Of the 1256 individuals, median age was 64 (range 31-89) with 45.1% patients >65 years. About 63.5% were male, 43.1% were at ISS stage III and 9.9% had light-chain amyloidosis. Patients with abnormal ratio of free light chain (80.4%), extramedullary disease (EMD, 22.0%), and high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRCA, 26.8%) were detected by novel detection techniques. The best confirmed ORR was 86.5%, including 39.4% with CR. Short- and long-term PFS and OS rates persistently increased each year along with increasing novel drug applications. Median PFS and OS were 30.9 and 64.7 months. Advanced ISS stage, HRCA, light-chain amyloidosis and EMD independently predicted an inferior PFS. First-line ASCT indicated a superior PFS. Advanced ISS stage, elevated serum LDH, HRCA, light-chain amyloidosis, and receiving PI/IMiD-based regimen versus PI+IMiD-based regimen independently indicated a poorer OS. CONCLUSIONS: In brief, we illustrated a dynamic landscape of MM patients in a national medical center. Chinese MM patients evidently benefited from newly introduced techniques and drugs in this field.

The prognostic role of 1q21 gain/amplification in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: The faster, the worse.

BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of additional copies of chromosome 1q (1q gain/amplification [amp]) in multiple myeloma (MM) remains controversial. In the meantime, the kinetics of the response to MM therapy has long been an area of debate. Few studies have pointed out the relationship of response kinetics with cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs) in MM. METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed the data of 1068 real-world newly diagnosed MM patients from a Chinese national medical center. RESULTS: Overall, 405 (51.9%) patients had 1q gain/amp, with aggressive clinical characteristics and significant inferior survival. The variation in copy number (CN) of 1q (CN = 3 or CN >3) had no significant impact on the survival of MM patients with 1q abnormalities. No difference was found in the outcome of 1q gain/amp patients treated with doublet or triplet regimens. Upfront autologous stem cell transplantation could eliminate the adverse prognostic effect of 1q gain but not 1q amp. The duration from diagnosis to the first time achieving very good partial response (VGPR) or better was significantly shorter in patients with 1q gain/amp (77 days vs. 100 days, p = .001). Finally, multifactor regression analysis was performed to construct a new risk stratification model in MM patients with 1q gain/amp, which was validated in the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation CoMMpass study cohort and worked better than the Revised International Staging System and Second Revision of the International Staging System (Harrell's concordance index: 0.631 vs. 0.598 and 0.537). CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of novel therapy, 1q gain/amp still acts as an independent adverse prognostic factor. Patients with 1q gain/amp achieved VGPR rapidly but had inferior survival.

Balancing acid and redox sites of phosphorylated CeO2 catalysts for NOx reduction: The promoting and inhibiting mechanism of phosphorus.

The role of phosphorus in metal oxide catalysts is still controversial. The precise tuning of the acidic and redox properties of metal oxide catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction in NOx using NH3 is also a great challenge. Herein, CeO2 catalysts with different degrees of phosphorylation were used to study the balance between the acidity and redox property by promoting and inhibiting effects of phosphorus. CeO2 catalysts phosphorylated with lower phosphorus content (5 wt%) exhibited superior NOx reduction performance with above 90% NOx conversion during 240-420 °C due to the balanced acidity and reducibility derived from the highest content of Brønsted acid sites on PO43- to adsorb NH3 and surface adsorbed oxygen species. Plenty of PO3- over CeO2 catalysts phosphorylated with the higher phosphorus content (≥ 10 wt%) significantly disrupted the balance between the acidity and the redox property due to the reduced acid/redox sites, which resulted in the less active NOx species. The mechanism of different structural phosphorus species (PO43- and PO3-) in promoting or inhibiting the NOx reduction over CeO2 catalysts was revealed. This work provides a novel method for qualitative and quantitative study of the relationship between acidity/redox property and activity of catalysts for NOx reduction.

Compensation or Aggravation: Pb and SO2 Copoisoning Effects over Ceria-Based Catalysts for NOx Reduction.

Severe catalyst deactivation caused by multiple poisons, including heavy metals and SO2, remains an obstinate issue for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by NH3. The copoisoning effects of heavy metals and SO2 are still unclear and irreconcilable. Herein, the unanticipated differential compensated or aggravated Pb and SO2 copoisoning effects over ceria-based catalysts for NOx reduction was originally unraveled. It was demonstrated that Pb and SO2 exhibited a compensated copoisoning effect over the CeO2/TiO2 (CT) catalyst with sole active CeO2 sites but an aggravated copoisoning effect over the CeO2-WO3/TiO2 (CWT) catalyst with dual active CeO2 sites and acidic WO3 sites. Furthermore, it was uniquely revealed that Pb preferred bonding with CeO2 among CT while further being combined with SO2 to form PbSO4 after copoisoning, which released the poisoned active CeO2 sites and rendered the copoisoned CT catalyst a recovered reactivity. In comparison, Pb and SO2 would poison acidic WO3 sites and active CeO2 sites, respectively, resulting in a seriously degraded reactivity of the copoisoned CWT catalyst. Therefore, this work thoroughly illustrates the internal mechanism of differential compensated or aggravated deactivation effects for Pb and SO2 copoisoning over CT and CWT catalysts and provides effective solutions to design ceria-based SCR catalysts with remarkable copoisoning resistance for the coexistence of heavy metals and SO2.

Spin Hall effect of transversely spinning light.

Light carries spin angular momentum, which, in the free space, is aligned to the direction of propagation and leads to intriguing spin Hall phenomena at an interface. Recently, it was shown that a transverse-spin (T-spin) state could exist for surface waves at an interface or for bulk waves inside a judiciously engineered metamaterial, with the spin oriented perpendicular to the propagation direction. Here, we demonstrate the spin Hall effect for transversely spinning light-a T-spin-induced beam shift at the interface of a metamaterial. It is found that the beam shift takes place in the plane of incidence, in contrast to the well-known Imbert-Fedorov shifts. The observed T-spin-induced beam shift is of geometrodynamical nature, which can be rendered positive or negative controlled by the orientation of T-spin of the photons. The unconventional spin Hall effect of light found here provides a previously unexplored mechanism for manipulating light-matter interactions at interfaces.

Unique Compensation Effects of Heavy Metals and Phosphorus Copoisoning over NOx Reduction Catalysts.

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx from the flue gas is still a grand challenge due to the easy deactivation of catalysts. The copoisoning mechanisms and multipoisoning-resistant strategies for SCR catalysts in the coexistence of heavy metals and phosphorus are barely explored. Herein, we unexpectedly found unique compensation effects of heavy metals and phosphorus copoisoning over NOx reduction catalysts and the introduction of heavy metals results in a dramatic recovery of NOx reduction activity for the P-poisoned CeO2/TiO2 catalysts. P preferentially combines with Ce as a phosphate species to reduce the redox capacity and inhibit NO adsorption. Heavy metals preferentially reduced the Brønsted acid sites of the catalyst and inhibited NH3 adsorption. It has been demonstrated that heavy metal phosphate species generated over the copoisoned catalyst, which boosted the activation of NH3 and NO, subsequently bringing about more active nitrate species to relieve the severe impact by phosphorus and maintain the NOx reduction over CeO2/TiO2 catalysts. The heavy metals and P copoisoned catalysts also possessed more acidic sites, redox sites, and surface adsorbed oxygen species, which thus contributed to the highly efficient NOx reduction. This work elaborates the unique compensation effects of heavy metals and phosphorus copoisoning over CeO2/TiO2 catalysts for NOx reduction and provides a perspective for further designing multipoisoning-resistant CeO2-based catalysts to efficiently control NOx emissions in stationary sources.

The effect of clinical pharmacists' intervention in adverse drug reaction reporting: a retrospective analysis with a 9-year interrupted time series.

BACKGROUND: In China, 85.4% of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are spontaneously reported by healthcare facilities. As a result, many ADRs are not reported due to lack of mandatory reporting requirements. As healthcare professionals, clinical pharmacists (CPhs) serve as a bridge between clinical work and medication and ensure rational drug use. In China, A team of CPhs implemented an intervention for ADRs reporting, with the goal of improving the number of ADRs reports, the number of unreported ADRs, and the standardized reporting rate. METHODS: On June 01, 2015, a team of CPhs implemented an intervention for ADRs reporting at a Grade A, Class 3 hospital in China. The drug review catalogue (DRC) was used to screen physician orders for having visible symptoms of ADRs across departments, pooled the ADRs, and submitted them to the Center for Advanced Drug Monitoring (CNCAM). We retrospectively analysed the effect of a CPhs ADRs reporting intervention on the number of clinical ADRs reports, the number of unreported ADRs, and the standardized reporting rate over a 9-year period by interrupted time series (ITS). The method was implemented at the hospital on June 1, 2015, and a segmented regression model was used to analyse the data from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019. RESULTS: After the CPhs ADRs reporting intervention, the number of inpatient ADRs reports submitted to the CNCAM immediately increased by approximately 63 (62.658, P < 0.01) and then decreased by approximately 1 (0.701, P = 0.000151 < 0.01) per month afterward; the number of unreported ADRs was immediately reduced by approximately 44 (44.091, P < 0.01) and remained largely unchanged over time (P > 0.05); the standardized ADRs reporting rate per month immediately increased by 63.634% (P < 0.01) and remained largely unchanged over time (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The CPhs ADRs reporting intervention had an immediate effect on improving ADRs reporting, which highlights the severity of ADRs underreporting in Chinese hospitals. The method is practical and should be used more widely in clinical practice. For example, the method can adjust and establish a DRC catalog that meets the actual situation of the implementing hospital based on the hospital's drug use habits and has the characteristics of good adaptability. However, it does have some limitations; for example, it may be difficult to detect early ADRs without visible symptoms.