Physical growth and neurodevelopment of preterm infants at the corrected age of 18-24 months / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the levels of physical growth and neurodevelopment in preterm infants at the corrected age of 18-24 months.@*METHODS@#The physical growth data and neurodevelopment data of 484 preterm infants at corrected age of 18-24 months were prospectively collected by a post-discharge follow-up system for preterm infants. The infants were regularly followed up in Shenzhen Bao'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University from April 2018 to December 2021. The neurodevelopment was evaluated by the Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision 2016. A total of 219 full-term infants served as controls. The infants were divided into groups (extremely preterm, very preterm, moderate late preterm, and full-term) based on gestational age, and the groups were compared in the levels of physical growth and neurodevelopment.@*RESULTS@#Except that the moderate preterm group had a higher length-for-age Z-score than the full-term group (P=0.038), there was no significant difference in physical growth indicators between the preterm groups and the full-term group (P>0.05). Each preterm group had a significantly lower total developmental quotient (DQ) than the full-term group (P<0.05). Except for the social behavior domain, the DQ of other domains in the extremely preterm and very preterm groups was significantly lower than that in the full-term group (P<0.05). The <32 weeks preterm group had a significantly higher incidence rate of global developmental delay than the full-term group (16.7% vs 6.4%, P=0.012), and the incidence rate of global developmental delay tended to increase with the reduction in gestational age (P=0.026).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Preterm infants can catch up with full-term infants in terms of physical growth at the corrected age of 18-24 months, but with a lower neurodevelopmental level than full-term infants. Neurodevelopment monitoring and early intervention should be taken seriously for preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks.

Imbibition-induced ultrafast assembly and printing of colloidal photonic crystals.

HYPOTHESIS: Self-assembly of colloidal particles enables the versatile fabrication of highly ordered structures and materials for optical, sensing, and other applications. Nevertheless, many traditional assembly processes are inefficient, because there exists an inevitable contradiction between time efficiency and crystalline quality. In this work, we introduce an ultrafast, robust, and scalable approach of imbibition-induced assembly. We assume that the instantaneous solvent imbibition induced by the nanoporous media could direct ultrafast self-assembly of colloidal particles into ordered structures. EXPERIMENTS: Self-assembly of colloidal particles from a droplet on a nanoporous substrate was firstly observed and investigated. A phase diagram of the thickness of the colloidal crystal as a function of the printing speed and the particle volume fraction was presented through systematic experiments. FINDINGS: The nanoporous substrate can induce strong capillary flow that will directthe rapid self-assemblyof particles intocolloidalcrystals. The imbibition-induced assembly was spatially and temporally combined with the meniscus-guided printing approach, and the printing speed can be improved by two orders of magnitude than the traditional evaporative assembly methods. We finally demonstrate an effective and ultrafast approach for assembling colloidal particles into photonic crystals with controllable sizes and shapes on the macroscale.

Wall-Confined Spreading Dynamics on the Surface of Surfactant Solution.

A liquid spreading over another is a universal physical process in the nature, which was investigated by the scaling law to reveal the underlying mechanical mechanism over the decades. However, scaling laws are restricted to piecewise physical stages, respectively. It is a challenge to present a full physical picture for a dynamic spreading process covering a wide-spectrum speed. We propose a general wall-confined spreading dynamics (WCSD) model originating from molecular kinetic theory (MKT). It creatively illustrates the order and domination between driving energy and energy dissipation (or transfer) using a phase diagram according to theory and experiments. This work reveals the deep mechanical mechanism of WCSD which provides an indirect guidance on the solution processing methods of two-dimensional molecular crystals (2DMCs) growth.

Surface PEGylation via Ultrasonic Spray Deposition for the Biofouling Mitigation of Biomedical Interfaces.

Air plasma and spray technology are common methods for surface modification. In this study, air plasma is used to generate hydroxyl groups on various material surfaces. Then random copolymers of styrene and ethylene glycol methacrylate (PS-r-PEGMA) are spray-coated to achieve coating densities ranging between 0.1 and 0.6 mg/cm2. PS50-r-PEGMA50 led to the best overall antifouling properties, while a coating density of 0.3 mg/cm2 was enough to significantly reduce biofouling. This surface modification technique enabled efficient modification of a wide range of materials and biofouling reduction by at least 75% on polymeric surfaces (polystyrene, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly(tetrafluoroethylene), polydimethylsiloxane), metallic surfaces (steel, titanium alloy), or ceramic surface (glass). Applied to the modification of well plate used for blood-typing, this antifouling modification permitted to greatly increase the signal sensitivity (×4).

Analysis of the implementation of health impact assessment of public policies in Zhejiang province / 中华医院管理杂志

The policy implementation model of G. C. Edwards was used to analyze the public policy health impact assessment in Zhejiang province, and summarize its practice and existing problems in four aspects of policy implementation standards, policy resources, policy executors′ intention and management organization structure, so as to provide reference for promoting the national health impact assessment pilot work. The analysis results showed that Zhejiang province has initially established the public policy health impact assessment mechanism and achieved phased results, but there were still some problems, including the imperfection of policy content and implementation strategy, the inadequacy of leadership decision-making and top-level design, the difference in attitude, understanding and implementation preference of policy implementation subjects, and the ambiguity of the authority and responsibility system of each department in cooperation. In order to further promote the smooth development of public policy health impact assessment, Zhejiang province should actively promote the top-level design to strengthen policy support, integrate and optimize policy resources, gradually establish and improve the health governance mechanism of multiple and overall coordination, and promote the high-quality development of public policy health impact assessment by taking cross departmental cooperation as the path of health co-construction.

Communication obstacles between contracted family doctor team and the disabled / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the status quo of communication between contracted family doctor team and the disabled.Methods:Using convenience sampling, family doctor team members of 80 community health centers (CHCs) in Beijing were selected to participate in a questionnaire survey from April to June 2022. The questionnaire included the basic information of team members, the choice of communication methods and targets, the acquisition of communication knowledge and skills and so on.Results:A total of 365 team members participated in the survey. The most common type of disability was physical disability (78.08%,285/365). All participants met communication obstacles with disabled people in contracted health service, and hearing and speech disabilities were the most common (70.14%, 256/365). Only 13.42% (49/365) chose to directly communicate with the disabled themselves; 84.93% (310/365) used "increase the volume and slow down" method when communicating with the disabled, and 38.63% (141/365) chose "write and convey multiple messages at the same time". Most of participants (84.38%, 308/365) indicated the need for professional training in communication with persons with disabilities.Conclusion:There are communication obstacles between family doctor team members and the disabled during contracted services. More relevant professional training are urgently needed for contracted family doctor team to improve the abilities to communicate with the disabled.

A qualitative study on the feasibility of contracted nursing services for disabled persons / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of contracted nursing services for disabled persons.Methods:A qualitative study on the feasibility of contracted nursing services for disabled persons was conducted from August 2020 to October 2020 with the phenomenological method. Community nurses were selected with the purpose of sampling method from Yuetan and Baizhifang Community Health Service Centers in Beijing Xicheng District for semi-constructed interviews, and 12 community nurses were finally interviewed according to the principle of information saturation. The research team took field notes, audio recordings and transcriptions of the interviews, coded to refine the themes, and fed back with the respondents to confirm the accuracy of the themes.Results:All the interviewed nurses thought that the contents of basic medical and public health required by the Guidance manual of contracted services of family doctors for disabled persons (the manual) including basic documentation, appointments, pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis services, home care, rehabilitation nursing guidance, referral services and extended nursing services for the disabled and their families could be completed. All interviewees said that the manual had a guiding role in contracted services for disabled persons. Eight interviewed nurses believed that the manual involved referral services and rehabilitation care, but the technical guidance content did not meet the actual work needs and it should be supplemented and improved; 9 interviewees pointed out that there was a lack of communication with various types of disabled people in service practice, especially for those with vision, hearing, mental disabilities and disabled children; 7 interviewees said that it the free home care for the disabled was not sustainable. Conclusion:The contracted nursing services for disabled persons are feasible and the manual has a guiding role for the practice,and some contents need to be added in the manual to further improve service capacity for disabled people.

Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Activity of Gouqi Chewable Tablets / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the regulatory effect of Gouqi chewable tablets on innate and adaptive immunity in normal mice and its antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. MethodThe effects of low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （0.25， 0.5， 1.5 g·kg-1） on the immune function of normal mice were observed by carbon clearance test， immune organ index test， serum hemolysin test， ConA-induced splenic lymphocyte proliferation test， and natural killer cell （NK cell） activity test. The effects of Gouqi chewable tablets on the antioxidant capacity in vivo were determined by detecting the content of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） in mice serum. The in vitro antioxidant activity of Gouqi chewable tablets was detected by 2，2'-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） diammonium salt （ABTS）， 2，2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）， and hydroxyl radical scavenging tests. ResultCompared with the blank control group， the low-， medium-， and high-dose groups of Gouqi chewable tablets improved the viability of NK cells， the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes， and the level of serum hemolysin antibody in mice （P<0.05）. The high-dose group increased the thymus index， spleen index， and phagocytic function of macrophages （P<0.05， P<0.01）. As compared with the blank control group， the activity of GSH-Px in mice serum in the medium-dose group was increased （P<0.05）， and the content of MDA in mice serum in the high-dose group was decreased （P<0.05）. In in vitro antioxidant tests， the median inhibitory concentration （IC50） values of Gouqi chewable tablets were 1.64±0.20， 2.04±0.03， and 10.27±0.03 g·L-1 by the DPPH， ABTS， and OH- free radical method， respectively. Those results indicated that Gouqi chewable tablets have good antioxidant effects in vitro. ConclusionGouqi chewable tablets can enhance the immune function of mice with good antioxidant effects.

Untreated Prior Pulmonary Tuberculosis Adversely Affects Pregnancy Outcomes in Infertile Women Undergoing in vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: Prior pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) on chest X-ray (CXR) was commonly found in infertile patients receiving examinations before in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). It was unclear whether untreated PTB would affect pregnancy outcomes after IVF-ET. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 14,254 infertile patients who had received IVF-ET at Peking University Third Hospital in 2017. Prior PTB was defined as the presence of signs suggestive of old or inactive PTB on CXR, with or without a clinical TB history. Patients who had prior PTB on CXR but had not received a clinical diagnosis and anti-TB therapy were included for analysis. Live birth, clinical pregnancy, and miscarriage rates were compared between the untreated PTB and non-PTB groups. RESULTS: The untreated PTB group had significantly lower clinical pregnancy (31.7% vs. 38.1%) and live birth (23.8% vs. 30.6%) rates than the non-PTB group (both P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that untreated PTB was a risk factor for decreased live birth rate [odds ratio ( OR), 0.80; 95% confidence interval ( CI), 0.66-0.98; P = 0.028] in all patients and for increased miscarriage ( OR, 4.19; 95% CI, 1.69-10.39; P = 0.002) and decreased live birth ( OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.24-0.83; P = 0.011) rates in patients with unexplained infertility. CONCLUSIONS: Untreated PTB was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes after IVF-ET, especially in patients with unexplained infertility, highlighting the clinical significance of PTB in this specific patient population.

Untreated Prior Pulmonary Tuberculosis Adversely Affects Pregnancy Outcomes in Infertile Women Undergoing / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#Prior pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) on chest X-ray (CXR) was commonly found in infertile patients receiving examinations before @*Method@#We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 14,254 infertile patients who had received IVF-ET at Peking University Third Hospital in 2017. Prior PTB was defined as the presence of signs suggestive of old or inactive PTB on CXR, with or without a clinical TB history. Patients who had prior PTB on CXR but had not received a clinical diagnosis and anti-TB therapy were included for analysis. Live birth, clinical pregnancy, and miscarriage rates were compared between the untreated PTB and non-PTB groups.@*Results@#The untreated PTB group had significantly lower clinical pregnancy (31.7% @*Conclusions@#Untreated PTB was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes after IVF-ET, especially in patients with unexplained infertility, highlighting the clinical significance of PTB in this specific patient population.

Platelet function tests and Chinese medicines with antiplatelet function:a review / 中国中药杂志

Platelet function tests have been increasingly used to assist in the diagnosis of platelet disorders and prethrombotic state, monitoring of the efficacy of antiplatelet therapies, and personalized treatment. On the basis of light transmission aggregometry, new methods for platelet function test have been developed successively. At present, the research and development of platelet function detector is in its infancy in China. The active constituents of antiplatelet Chinese medicines can be classified into terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, organic acids, lignans, diketones, volatile oils, and stilbenes. The results of dose-antiplatelet effect relationship of Chinese medicines and the active constituents showed that the effective concentration of the extracts or monomers of Chinese medicines was at micromolar level(μmol·L~(-1)), among which salvianolic acid B and ginkgolide K, ginkgolide B, and ginkgolide A had the strongest antiplatelet effect. These results suggest that the antiplatelet effect of Chinese medicine may be weaker than that of chemical drugs and biological products. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the structure-activity relationship of the active constituents in existing Chinese medicines and further improve their efficacy through structure modification. The antiplatelet effect of Chinese medicines and the constituents involves multiple pathways and multiple targets. These research results provide a reference for clinical application of them. However, there is still a lack of large-scale multi-center clinical trials to confirm the efficacy and safety of them. The regularity of the relationship between the structures of various constituents and their corresponding functions is still unknown and the relevant signal transduction pathways and structure-activity relationship need to be further studied. This paper summarized and analyzed the determination methods of platelet functions and the research results of antiplatelet Chinese medicines, which is of reference value for the research of effective and safe antiplatelet Chinese medicines.

Assessment of growth pattern of preterm infants up to a corrected age of 24 months / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To assess the growth of preterm infants up to a corrected age of 24 months, and to understand the growth trend and pattern of preterm infants.@*METHODS@#A preterm infant follow-up database was established based on the Internet Plus follow-up system. A total of 3 188 preterm infants who were born from April 2018 to April 2021 were enrolled. Their length, weight, and head circumference were recorded at birth and at the corrected ages of 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The preterm infants were grouped by perinatal factors. The growth curves of these infants were plotted and compared with the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century (INTERGROWTH-21st) standard and World Health Organization (WHO) standard.@*RESULTS@#The weight, length, and head circumference curves of each group of preterm infants grouped by various perinatal factors all rose rapidly within the corrected age of 6 months, but the growth rate slowed down after the corrected age of 6 months. Based on the actual age for the groups of preterm infants with different gestational ages (<28 weeks, 28-31@*CONCLUSIONS@#The physical growth rate of preterm infants is faster within the corrected age of 6 months, and the growth rate slows down after the corrected age of 6 months. Preterm infants with a smaller gestational age need longer time to catch up in weight and head circumference. More attention should be paid to the physical growth of extremely preterm infants, extremely low birth weight infants, and small-for-gestational-age infants.

Biological Evaluation for Quality Control of Water Extract of Qingjin Huatantang Based on Phagocytic and Secretory Functions of Macrophages / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish a method for evaluating the biological activity of water extract lyophilized powder of Qingjin Huatantang based on the phagocytic and secretory functions of macrophages， and to control the quality of this formula from the biological activity level. Method:The phagocytic and inflammation models of RAW264.7 macrophages were established， the inhibition rates of water extract lyophilized powder of Qingjin Huatantang on interleukin-6 （IL-6） secretion and phagocytic index of neutral red of RAW264.7 macrophages were chosen as indicators to investigate the biological activity of Qingjin Huatantang， and the biological limit was searched. Result:The optimal inoculation density of RAW264.7 macrophages was 3×10⁵ pcs/mL， and the concentration of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） was 1 mg·L^-1 after treatment for 24 h. When the concentration was 500 mg·L^-1， water extract lyophilized powder of Qingjin Huatantang had no toxicity and no obvious promotion effect on the proliferation of RAW264.7 macrophages， and at this concentration， the phagocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages for neutral red was significantly promoted， the phagocytic index was >113%. In addition， the lyophilized powder had a significant and stable inhibitory effect on IL-6 secretion of RAW264.7 macrophages induced by LPS， the inhibitory rate was >45%. Conclusion:Combined with the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Qingjin Huatantang， this study establishes an <italic>in vitro </italic>biological limit method for evaluating the quality of water extract of Qingjin Huatantang based on the phagocytic and secretory functions of RAW264.7 macrophages， and 500 mg·L^-1 was confirmed as the limit concentration. Under the limit concentration， Qingjin Huatantang water extract can significantly promote the phagocytic index of macrophages or significantly inhibit the secretion of IL-6 of RAW264.7 macrophages induced by LPS， which can be judged as qualified.

Hydrodynamic Process in the Langmuir-Blodgett Film Method.

Preparing organic coatings in a very controlled manner through the spreading of organic molecules on the water surface is one of the emphases for research in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technology. For preparing a homogeneous film and improving the quality of the film, it is our concern to have a deeper understanding of the dynamic process involved in spreading. Here, we present an overview of the hydrodynamic process under the influence of assisting the spreading solvent, which mainly focuses on the mechanical mechanisms of related phenomena. A typical spreading experiment of two-component mixed droplets on water substrate for the purpose of preparing LB films was carried out in this research. We perform the spreading of a liquid of silicone oil and oleic acid mixture on the horizontal surface of another immiscible deep water substrate, where the volatile silicone oil is the assisting spreading solvent with low viscosity. We find that it needs to exceed a certain critical value (60% in our experiment) to achieve a uniform and centrosymmetric spreading process, which is a key factor for getting a homogeneous film. We observe that the evolution of a large droplet into liquid film and then into small droplets under the action of surface tension gradient in experiments. Gravity-viscous and surface tension-viscous dominate successively in the whole spreading process, with its spreading radius r(t) ∝ t1/4 and r(t) ∝ t3/4, respectively. However, we also obtain singular values of scaling exponents -0.033 and -0.180, which is attributed to nonuniform distribution of the Laplace pressure caused by different curvatures near the capillary wave.

Absorption induced ordered ring and inner network structures on a nanoporous substrate.

Interaction of colloidal droplets with a porous medium is the key issue for many industrial applications, such as direct-ink-write printing on flexible wearable clothing. In this work, we find a novel pattern of an ordered ring with inner network from a colloidal droplet resting on the nanoporous substrate. Experimental results show that the outward flow caused by the lateral absorption is responsible for the ring structures. The mutual competition between the inward dewetting and the outward flow determines the formation of the inner network pattern. The capillary immersion forces dominate the self-assembly of particles and promote the ordered arrays of the structures.

Development of Guiding Manual of Family Doctor Contracting Services for the Disables with Delphi method / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To develop a guiding manual of family doctor contracting service for the disabled with Delphi method.Methods:From November 2017 to July 2018, a research group was formed and a survey on the status of family doctor service for disables was conducted in Beijing and other places. After the preliminary outline was formulated, 15 experts from the fields of general practice and rehabilitation for the disabled were invited and 4 rounds of expert consultation were conducted, finally the Guiding Manual of Family Doctor Contracting Service for the Disabled was developed. Results:The authority coefficient of experts was 0.870, and 13, 13, 15 and 15 questionnaires were collected from 15 experts in 4 rounds of consultation, respectively. The W value of Kendall harmony coefficient of the fourth round of expert consultation was 0.394 (χ 2=319.501, P<0.01) and accuracy was 0.234 (χ 2=189.189, P<0.01). After adding and deleting terms by the suggestion and scores of experts, the final draft of the manual is formed, including 5 first-level terms, 15 second-level terms, 18 third-level terms and 17 fourth-level terms. Conclusion:The Guiding Manual of Family Doctor Contracting Service for the Disabled has been developed with Delphi method. Its reliability, validity and practicability need to been further studied.

Roles of community nurse in case management of frequent attenders / 中华全科医师杂志

Case management includes the development of nursing plans, drug management, changing the living environment, participation in team interventions and follow-up by telephone contact, which can reduce the frequency of patients′ attendance and save the medical resources. This article summarizes the roles of community nurse in case management for frequent attenders to provide reference for case management in the community health care in China.

Investigation of cognition and behavior of chronic insomnia patients in community / 中华全科医师杂志

From January 2018 to June 2018, 410 patients with chronic insomnia visiting the Yuetan community were selected by the convenience sampling method for a questionnaire survey. The basic data, behaviors and habits, disease awareness, and disease treatment of patients were analyzed. Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9) was used to assess patients′ depression level. The patients were mainly women (74.1%, 304/410) , the married (84.9%, 348/410) and the retired (71.9%, 295/410) . In terms of insomnia cognition, the top three were "insomnia can be caused by tension and anxiety" (92.2%, 378/410), "insomnia is not harmful to the body except sleeping well" (72.2%, 296/410), "snoring means sleeping soundly " (70.2%, 288/410).The last three were "nighttime dreams indicate low quality of sleep" (11.5%, 47/410), "long-term use of sleeping pills can cause drug dependence and addiction" (12.7%, 52/410), "insomnia must be caused by physical illness" (12.7%, 52/410). In terms of behavior and habit, only 22.2% (91/410) had regular exercise and 34.1% (140/410) took nap after lunch. In terms of treatment, 59.5% (244/410) of patients tried western medicine, 40.5% (166/410) tried psychotherapy, only 7.3% (30/410) of patients tried psychotherapy; 46.3% (190/410) of patients had no depression, 19.8% (81/410) of patients had moderate to severe depression. The survey indicates that patients with insomnia in the community have a relatively low awareness of disease knowledge, and their daily life and medication habits need to be changed to improve sleep quality.

Effects of Xueshuantong Injection on thrombosis formation and blood flow in rats / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to explore the effect of Xueshuantong Injection(freeze-dried powder,XST) on κ-carrageenan-induced thrombosis and blood flow from the aspects of interactions among blood flow,vascular endothelium and platelets. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats(190-200 g) were randomized into five groups: control group, model group, heparin sodium(1 000 U·kg~(-1)) group, low-dose and high-dose(50, 150 mg·kg~(-1)) XST groups. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with corresponding drugs and normal saline(normal control and model groups) for 10 days. One hour after drugs were administered intraperitoneally on the 7 th day, each rat was injected with κ-carrageenan(Type Ⅰ, 1 mg·kg~(-1)) which was dissolved in physiological saline by intravenous administration in the tail to establish tail thrombus model. The lengths of black tails of the rats were measured at 2, 6, 24 and 48 h after modeling. Vevo®2100 small animal ultrasound imaging system was used to detect the internal diameter of rat common carotid artery, blood flow velocity and heart rate, and then the blood flow and shear rate were calculated. Meanwhile, the microcirculatory blood flow perfusion in the thigh surface and tail of rats were detected by laser speckle blood flow imaging system. Platelet aggregometry was used to detect the max platelet aggregation rate in rats. Pathological changes in tail were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining, and Western blot was used to detect the protein content of platelet piezo1. According to the results, XST could inhibit the rat tail arterial thrombosis and significantly reduce the length of black tail(P<0.05). The blood flow of common carotid artery in XST low dose group was significantly higher than that in the model group(P<0.05). XST high dose group could significantly increase the microcirculatory blood flow perfusion of the tail in rats as compared with the model group(P<0.05). XST high dose group could significantly inhibit platelet aggregation rate(P<0.05) and XST low dose group could significantly inhibit platelet piezo1 protein expression(P<0.01). In summary, XST could play an effect in fighting against thrombosis induced by κ-carrageenan in rats, which may be related to significantly inhibiting platelet aggregation, improving body's blood flow state, maintaining normal hemodynamic environment and affecting mechanical ion channel protein piezo1.

The cross-cultural study of Diabetes Caregiver Activity and Support Scale / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:Translate and debug Diabetes Caregiver Activity and Support Scale (D-CASS) and to test its reliability and validity in family caregivers of diabetes.Methods:The original version of D-CASS was translated according to Brislin model. A total of 330 family caregivers for diabetes were chosen by convenience sampling in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Tianjin Medical university Metabolic Disease Hospital (Chu Tianjin Medical University Zhu Xianyi Memorial Hospital) in the period of August 2018 to January 2019 to assess construct validity through exploratory factor analysis(EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Item analysis, Cronbach alpha coefficients, test-retest reliability and the split-half reliability were conducted to test the psychometric properties of the scale.Results:There were 11 items in the Chinese version of D-CASS, with 2 common factors extracted by EFA, accounting for 56.623% of the variance. The modified model fitted well with the data through CFA. The coefficient of Cronbach's ɑ for the total D-CASS and the two dimensions was 0.881,0.819 and 0.835 respectively. Test-retest reliability was 0.900 ( P<0.01) for the overall scale, and each dimension were 0.823 and 0.883; the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.840, each dimension was 0.822 and 0.806. Conclusions:It indicated that the Chinese version of D-CASS was valid and reliable for the evaluation of family caregiver activity and support for diabetes.