ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ureteric injury is usually iatrogenic in origin, in particular as a result of laparoscopic or gynaecological surgery. Of those possible complications of ureteric injury, uretero-uterine fistulae are a rarity. The most common presentation of uretero-uterine fistulae is in women who have had a caesarean section. CASE: We present the case of a 35 year old woman who presented with continuous vaginal discharge three weeks after undergoing caesarean section. CONCLUSION: Management of ureterouterine fistulae aims to conserve renal function and restore ureteral integrity. The relative rareity of such fistulae however means that there are no clear guidelines on their management. The resolution of this case and general management of uretero-uterine fistulae are discussed.
ABSTRACT
Structural asymmetries in the supratemporal plane of the human brain are often cited as the anatomical basis for the lateralization of language predominantly to the left hemisphere. However, similar asymmetries are found for structures mediating earlier events in the auditory processing stream, suggesting that functional lateralization may occur even at the level of primary auditory cortex. We tested this hypothesis using functional magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate human auditory cortex responses to monaurally presented tones. Relative to silence, tones presented separately to either ear produced greater activation in left than right Heschl's gyrus, the location of primary auditory cortex. This functional lateralization for primary auditory cortex is distinct from the contralateral dominance reported for other mammals, including nonhuman primates, and may have contributed to the evolution of a unique role for the left hemisphere in language processing.
