ABSTRACT
The current status of antiretroviral therapy is in a state of flux. Clinical and immunologic benefit of antiretroviral treatment has been demonstrated, but the duration of benefit is finite and the effect on survival uncertain. Failure of antiretroviral treatment is closely associated with development of drug resistance. Strategies that may improve treatment outcome include combining or cycling antiretroviral agents. Given the current uncertainties in antiretroviral therapy, patients should be actively involved in treatment decisions.
Subject(s)
Didanosine/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Zalcitabine/therapeutic use , Zidovudine/therapeutic use , Adult , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Didanosine/adverse effects , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Resistance , Drug Therapy, Combination , HIV Infections/blood , Humans , Leukocyte Count , Zalcitabine/adverse effects , Zidovudine/adverse effectsABSTRACT
A digestion and ruminal fermentation trial involving five ruminally cannulated steers assigned to a 5 x 5 Latin square with a 2 x 2 + 1 arrangement of dietary treatments was conducted to evaluate the effects of variety of rapeseed silage (RS) containing either a high (HG) or a low (LG) glucosinolate concentration when fed at 100 or 50% of diet DM. A bromegrass hay-corn-soybean meal mixture, which was expected to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous with the RS, was used as the control (C) treatment and replaced RS in the 50% diets. In situ disappearance of substrate from both RS varieties was measured in ruminal environments created by each diet. No dietary treatment x RS substrate interactions were observed for any in situ variable. Total tract digestibility and extent of in situ disappearance of both DM and NDF were greater (P less than .01) for HG than for LG. In situ DM and NDF disappearance at 8, 16 and 24 h was greater (P less than .01) for RS than for the C diet. Similarly, total tract DM digestibility was greater (P less than .01) for RS (61.0%) vs C (56.0%) diets. Diets with 50% RS had greater (P less than .01) NDF digestibility (50.4%) than 100% RS (43.6%) diets. Variety of RS had no effect on particulate passage rate. In a 77-d growth trial with 60 beef steers, ADG was greater (P less than .01) for HG vs LG (.46 vs .36 kg), 50 vs 100% (.52 vs .31) and C vs RS (.64 vs .41) diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Subject(s)
Brassica , Cattle/physiology , Digestion , Silage , Animals , Cattle/growth & development , Eating , Fatty Acids, Volatile/analysis , Fermentation , Glucosinolates/metabolism , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Male , Rumen/chemistry , Rumen/metabolism , Thyroxine/bloodABSTRACT
Repair of atrial septal defect (ASD) remains a high-benefit, low-risk procedure due to technologic improvements. From July 1981 to December 1986, 35 females (age, 7 months to 28 years) had repair of ASD; 20 by right thoracotomy and aortic cannulation (group 1) and fifteen by median sternotomy (group 2). In general, right thoracotomy was applied to patients with secundum ASD two years or older and without associated lesions, while median sternotomy was applied to patients with ostium primum lesions and/or associated lesions. Patients or their families perceived the cosmetic results superior to the right thoracotomy approach over the median sternotomy. We feel that a right thoracotomy and aortic cannulation is effective in females (2 years and older) with secundum ASD for a superior cosmetic result over median sternotomy. However, females with ostium primum and/or associated lesions should undergo median sternotomy for better cardiac access and safety.