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Rev Neurol ; 69(2): 59-67, 2019 Jul 16.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31287149

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Cognitive symptoms in psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depression have been widely studied and defined; however, despite the frequent subjective cognitive complaints in patients with anxiety disorders, neuropsychology of anxiety disorders has less consistent results in literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study offers a systematic review of controlled studies that evaluate neuropsychological findings in adults diagnosed of generalized anxiety disorders (GAD). Finally, 40 articles were selected for this systematic review, with a total sample of 1098 patients with GAD. RESULTS: Results suggest that subjects with GAD have a worse performance than controls in the following cognitive domains: complex attention (selective attention), executive functions (working memory, cognitive inhibition, decision making), and social cognition (recognizing and processing emotions, attribution bias). Most consistent results report the influence of emotional stimuli (specifically, threatening or anxiety-provoking stimuli) on performance on cognitive task related with complex attention, working memory and cognitive inhibition. CONCLUSION: In our knowledge, there is not any previous systematic review defining the neuropsychological profile of GAD. Due to the clinical and functional consequences of cognitive symptoms in these patients, future studies that allow a better knowledge on this field are needed: including larger samples of patients; controlling variables that could eventually modify the association between cognitive symptoms and GAD, such as pharmacological treatment and comorbid depression; focusing on specific neuropsychological test for GAD; and evaluating the effect of pharmacological and psychological treatment on cognitive symptoms in GAD patients.


TITLE: Neuropsicologia del trastorno de ansiedad generalizada: revision sistematica.Introduccion. Los sintomas cognitivos en enfermedades psiquiatricas como la esquizofrenia, el trastorno bipolar o la depresion mayor se han estudiado y definido ampliamente; sin embargo, a pesar de las frecuentes quejas cognitivas en los pacientes con trastornos de ansiedad, sus hallazgos neuropsicologicos son menos consistentes en la literatura cientifica. Pacientes y metodos. Se realiza una revision sistematica de los estudios controlados que evaluan alteraciones neuropsicologicas en adultos con diagnostico clinico de trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG). Finalmente se seleccionaron 40 articulos para esta revision sistematica, que en total comprendian una muestra de 1.098 pacientes con TAG. Resultados. Los estudios revisados sugieren que los sujetos con TAG tienen peor rendimiento que los controles en los siguientes dominios cognitivos: atencion compleja (atencion selectiva), funciones ejecutivas (memoria de trabajo, inhibicion cognitiva, toma de decisiones) y cognicion social (identificacion y procesamiento de las emociones, sesgo atribucional). Los resultados mas consistentes señalan la influencia de estimulos emocionales (sobre todo los estimulos de caracter amenazante o ansiogeno) en el rendimiento en tareas de atencion, memoria de trabajo e inhibicion cognitiva. Conclusiones. En nuestro conocimiento, no existen revisiones sistematicas previas que definan el perfil neuropsicologico en el TAG. Dada la repercusion clinica y funcional de los sintomas cognitivos en estos pacientes, se necesitan futuros trabajos que incluyan muestras mas amplias de pacientes y controlen posibles variables de confusion, como el tratamiento farmacologico y la comorbilidad depresiva, asi como el desarrollo de instrumentos especificos de evaluacion y el estudio del eventual efecto del tratamiento sobre estos sintomas.


Subject(s)
Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/physiopathology , Humans , Nervous System/physiopathology , Neuropsychological Tests
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