Assessment of new low input vine systems: Dataset on environmental, soil, biodiversity, growth, yield, disease incidence, juice and wine quality, cost and social data.

This article describes the environmental, agronomical, economical and social indicators characterization of eleven new low input vine systems to explore their multicriteria performances. These data also describe the reproducibility of all the indicators over six harvest years (2013-2018) over eleven selected winegrower plots. The environmental characterizations are total treatment frequency index, fungicide treatment frequency index, I-Phy indicator from Indigo® method, copper rate, soil compaction, bacterial activity in soil, bacterial molecular biomass, potential nitrogen mineralization rate, amont of avalaible nitrogen in soil at veraison, total specific floristic richness, and relative pollination value. The agronomical characterizations are vine phenology, vine vigour, plot yield, powdery mildew intensity on bunches at harvest, grey rot intensity on bunches at harvest, juice sugar rate (total soluble solids) and juice total acidity rate (titrable acidity) at harvest, wine characteristics after microvinification. The economical characterizations are brut semi-margin at the plot and at the farm scale. The sociological characterizations are human capital, penibility, hardouness work and pesticide risk.

Geographic locality greatly influences fungal endophyte communities in Cephalotaxus harringtonia.

Although endophytes of conifers have been extensively studied, few data are available on Cephalotaxaceae. We examined foliar and stem endophytes of Cephalotaxus harringtonia, within its natural range in Japan and outside its natural range in France to study the effect of geography on endophyte community composition. In Japan, rapidly growing endophytes were dominant and may have masked the real diversity, in comparison to France where most endophytes were growing slowly. Analyses of ITS rDNA revealed 104 different Blast Groups among 554 isolates. Almost no overlap between endophyte assemblages of C. harringtonia from the two countries was observed. It seems that Japanese C. harringtonia trees, which should be well adapted to their native site, would host a specific, endemic endophyte community, while trees that have been introduced recently to a foreign site, in France, should have captured existing cosmopolitan and more generalist taxa. In Japan the majority of xylariaceous taxa, which dominated the communities, were unknown and, although closely related to Asian taxa, may be new to science. Dothideomycetes were more prevalent in France. Locally, urban environment, particularly in Japan, may have introduced some perturbations in the native endophyte community of C. harringtonia, with an abundance of generalist fungi such as Nigrospora and Colletotrichum.

Guaiane sesquiterpenes from Biscogniauxia nummularia featuring potent antigerminative activity.

Xylaranone, a previously unreported guaiane sesquiterpene along with the known terpenoid xylaranol B and the two mellein derivatives 3,5-dimethyl-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin and 3,5-dimethyl-8-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin were isolated from Biscogniauxia nummularia. Pogostol was also isolated from this fungus, and in light of our spectroscopic data, its structure was revised and corrected. This fungus, which was isolated as an endophyte from the plum yew Cephalotaxus harringtonia, is also suspected of being a pathogen. Interestingly, we report here the potent antigerminative activity of xylaranone and xylaranol B against seeds of Raphanus sativus at concentrations comparable to glyphosate, a commonly used herbicide. This effect suggests a role for these metabolites in the latent fungal pathogenesis of B. nummularia.

Insecticidal cyclodepsipeptides from Beauveria felina.

A novel cyclodepsipeptide, iso-isariin B (1), and the known isaridin E (2) were isolated from the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria felina. Their structures were elucidated using MS/MS fragmentation and extensive 2D-heteronuclear NMR. The X-ray structure of isaridin E was obtained, showing two potent intramolecular H bonds and a type-VI turn with the HyLeu(1)-Pro(2) amide bond in a cis conformation. Iso-isariin B (1) was active against the pest-insect Sitophilus spp. with an LD(50) value of 10 µg/mL. This observation also gives some clues for ecological interpretation of cyclodepsipeptide production by B. felina.