Community-based learning in medical education: A starting guide and lessons learned.

Community-based medical education (CBME) addresses real-world health problems and is characterized by its emphasis on reciprocity and collaboration with community stakeholders. Limited evidence shows that CBME is an effective learning strategy to care for underserved communities. However, medical schools and nursing schools struggle to implement CBME in their curriculum. In this article, we present four practical examples of CBME from medical and nursing schools in Belgium and the Netherlands. By taking the lessons learned derived from these practical examples into account, all students can have an authentic learning experience within the community, which empowers community members and increases their health.

Twelve tips to teach culturally sensitive palliative care.

With an increasingly ageing population there will be a rising demand for palliative care, including from older migrants and ethnic minorities. While many (future) physicians are unfamiliar with specific needs of older migrants and ethnic minorities regarding care and communication in palliative care, this may be challenging for them to deal with. Moreover, even many medical teachers also feel unprepared to teach palliative care and culturally sensitive communication to students. In order to support medical teachers, we suggest twelve tips to teach culturally sensitive palliative care to guide the development and implementation of teaching this topic to medical students. Drawn from literature and our own experiences as teachers, these twelve tips provide practical guidance to both teachers and curriculum designers when designing and implementing education about culturally sensitive palliative care.

Culturally Competent in Medical Education - European Medical Teachers' Self-Reported Preparedness and Training Needs to Teach Cultural Competence Topics and to Teach a Diverse Class.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background Health inequalities related to culture and ethnicity may be reduced by training future health care providers.Medical teachers therefore also need to be culturally competent. The aim of this study was to assess medical teachers' preparedness and their training needs to teach cultural competence topics and to teach a diverse class. Methods A link to an online survey was sent to medical teachers of eleven European institutions. Results were analysed through descriptive analysis and answers to open-ended questions were analysed using qualitative analysis. Results 968 respondents were included. The majority of respondents felt it was important that cultural competence topics should be incorporated into the medical curriculum. Assessment of skills in cultural competence was found important as well. Over 60% of all respondents reported to be somewhat or very prepared to teach cultural competence topics like migrant health and disparities. Most respondents felt somewhat or very prepared to teach a diverse class. A high interest in training was expressed on teaching cultural competence topics, specifically on communication-related topics. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating cultural issues into the medical curriculum and to train medical teachers according to their needs.

Defining a framework for medical teachers' competencies to teach ethnic and cultural diversity: Results of a European Delphi study.

BACKGROUND: Medical students need to be trained in delivering diversity-responsive health care but unknown is what competencies teachers need. The aim of this study was to devise a framework of competencies for diversity teaching. METHODS: An open-ended questionnaire about essential diversity teaching competencies was sent to a panel. This resulted in a list of 74 teaching competencies, which was sent in a second round to the panel for rating. The final framework of competencies was approved by the panel. RESULTS: Thirty-four experts participated. The final framework consisted of 10 competencies that were seen as essential for all medical teachers: (1) ability to critically reflect on own values and beliefs; (2) ability to communicate about individuals in a nondiscriminatory, nonstereotyping way; (3) empathy for patients regardless of ethnicity, race or nationality; (4) awareness of intersectionality; (5) awareness of own ethnic and cultural background; (6) knowledge of ethnic and social determinants of physical and mental health of migrants; (7) ability to reflect with students on the social or cultural context of the patient relevant to the medical encounter; (8) awareness that teachers are role models in the way they talk about patients from different ethnic, cultural and social backgrounds; (9) empathy for students of diverse ethnic, cultural and social background; (10) ability to engage, motivate and let all students participate. CONCLUSIONS: This framework of teaching competencies can be used in faculty development programs to adequately train all medical teachers.