First study of genital HPV infection among women living with HIV recruited from May to September 2018 in Eastern Algeria.

BACKGROUND: Genital HPV infection is recognized worldwide as one of the most common, if not the most common, sexually transmitted infection. Several studies have shown a higher prevalence of HPV infection in women living with HIV (WLWH). We aimed to determine the prevalence of HPV, the circulating genotypes, and its association with risk factors among Algerian WLHIV. METHODS: Cervical specimens were collected from 100 WLHIV. The detection of HPV infection was performed by Roche Linear Array test. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of HPV infection was determined at 32%, all including high risk HPV (HR-HPV). We found a great diversity of HR-HPV genotypes, the most common individually were HPV52, HPV16, HPV18 and HPV58, The highest prevalence was found in groups of genotype 52, 25%. HPV16 and 18 were less common (16%). Cervical cytology was abnormal in 66% (81.3% in the HPV + population), with a predominance of inflammatory lesions (75% HPV +), The most important determining risk factor for HPV infection in this series was a low CD4 T cell count <200/mm3 found in 72% of the HPV positive participants. CONCLUSION: Our study is an initial database, to be completed by a multicenter study to determine the most frequent genotypes in Algerian WLHIV, in order to discuss the introduction of the vaccine against HPV in Algeria, especially among WLHIV.

Changes in prevalence of hepatitis A and associated factors in Setif-Algeria.

Hepatitis A, a waterborne disease associated with fecal contamination, remains the most common acute hepatitis worldwide. Generally considered to be a disease affecting children living in poor sanitary conditions, hepatitis A affects the adult population if hygiene improves. Studies conducted during the 1980s ranked Algeria as a highly endemic area. Thirty years on, we conducted this cross-sectional epidemiological study with the main objective of estimating the seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus infection in the district of Setif, Algeria. A survey was carried out between June 2010 and September 2011 and focused on 1061 individuals aged 5-19 years old. The seroprevalence of hepatitis A was estimated at 72.3% and varied with age: 56.9% in children aged 5-9 years, 70.4% among those aged 10-14 years, and 85.4% for the 15-19-year-old age group. Factors associated with lower seroprevalence were mainly related to a higher socioeconomic level, including living in an urban area, small household size, parents with a higher educational level, and consumption of bottled mineral water. This study highlights an epidemiological change and predicts that Algeria is in a period of gradual transition to intermediary endemicity. This change is synonymous with a susceptible population growing older, suggesting that serious forms of hepatitis can be expected more frequently. The current preventive strategy against hepatitis A should be revisited.

[Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and glucose intolerance in the Setif area (Algeria)]. / Prévalence du diabète de type 2 et de l'intolérance au glucose dans la région de Sétif (Algérie).

OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus stands as a major public health issue in Algeria and has an important socioeconomical impact. Our study involved a representative sample of 1457 subjects and aimed at assessing the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and glucose intolerance in the population of Setif Wilaya, aged between 30 and 64 years old. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Diagnosis was based on oral glucose tolerance test, according to World Health Organisation criteria. RESULTS: Diabetes prevalence was 8.2% (CI: 95%: 6.8% to 9.6%). It increased with age, while 50% of cases were undiagnosed, without any difference according to sex nor urban (7.3%)/rural (9.7%) distribution. Glucose intolerance prevalence was 7.1 (CI 95%: 5,8% to 8,4%). Age-standardized prevalence, according to world population data provided by WHO, was 9.08% for diabetes and 7.5% for glucose intolerance. When the new American Diabetes Association Criteria were used, prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 8.8 (CI: 95%: 7.3% to 10.2%) and that of fasting hyperglycemia was 6.9% (CI: 95%: 5.6 to 8.2). According to these new criteria, among the 66 cases with undiagnosed diabetes, 79% presented with a fasting blood glucose > or =126 mg/dl. CONCLUSION: This relatively high diabetes prevalence calls for an appropriate management and health education, particularly focused on high risk subjects. These results bring the the first detailed prevalence data in an Algerian population.

[Dietary risk factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the Setif area in Algeria]. / Facteurs de risque alimentaires du carcinome du nasopharynx dans la région de Sétif (Algérie).

BACKGROUND: The aim of our work was to identify risk factors specific to populations in our region for primary prevention of risk behaviors, particularly eating habits. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study on dietary factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the Setif area in Algeria. The study included 72 cases and 72 controls matched for age, sex and area of residence. The variables analyzed were identified by an anthropological study. RESULTS: Increased risk of disease was associated with consumption of traditionally preserved foods such as "harissa", pickled fruit and vegetables and dried and salted meat. These factors were commonly found in other endemic areas. Certain products appeared to be specific to the Setif area including dried and salted fat, especially after prolonged exposure. Rancid butter was related to a 4 to 7-fold increase in risk and use of pickling increased the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma 4 to 12-fold depending on the type of food. CONCLUSIONS: These data point to the need for biochemical analysis of food specimens to search for the carcinogenic agents and to the importance of an immediate information and education program on food habits for the populations living in this area.

Donnees sur l'incidence et la survie du registre du cancer de Setif

Les registres des cancers constituent de plus en plus une source majeure d'information sur le profil de cette maladie dans une localite donnee. Ici a ete appliquee la technique; qui est d'ailleurs clairement expliquee; de recolte des informations pour editer le registre des cancers de Serif en Algerie. Les auteurs ont principalement insiste sur l'incidence et la survie. Chez l'homme le taux le plus eleve concerne les cancers bronchopulmonaires (18;3) et chez les femmes les cancers du sein avec 18;8