ABSTRACT
The microbiological quality of forest surface waters in the Greenwater River watershed was examined to investigate the influence of heavy motorized camping in an area with no sanitary facilities. Indicator densities increased during weekend human-use periods when compared to weekdays. Increases in indicator densities were also noted downstream from heavily used camping areas when compared to upstream sites. Seasonal, weekly, and diurnal fluctuations in indicator densities were observed. This study suggests that potential health hazards exist in this watershed during periods of human use.
Subject(s)
Camping , Enterococcus faecalis/isolation & purification , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Water Microbiology , Water Pollution , Circadian Rhythm , Feces/microbiology , Humans , Salmonella arizonae/isolation & purification , Seasons , Soil Microbiology , Trees , Washington , Water MovementsABSTRACT
The effects of selected environmental treatments on the incidence of gross Marek's disease (MD) lesions in chickens contact exposed to MD virus were examined. Treatments were high levels of airborne decomposition products from chicken litter in the rearing environment, disinfectants applied to chickens and their environments, and formaldehyde fumigation of eggs and newly hatched chicks. There were no significant differences in the incidence of gross MD lesions when treated and untreated groups were compared.
Subject(s)
Chickens , Marek Disease/pathology , Air/analysis , Ammonia/analysis , Animals , Cresols/pharmacology , Disinfectants/pharmacology , Eggs , Environment , Feces , Female , Formaldehyde/pharmacology , Fumigation , Herpesvirus 2, Gallid/drug effects , Housing, Animal , Male , Marek Disease/epidemiology , Phenols/pharmacology , Sex FactorsSubject(s)
Chickens , Marek Disease/pathology , Animals , Feathers , Marek Disease/etiology , Skin/pathologyABSTRACT
Intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the leather follicle epithelium of chickens with Marek's disease (MD). These inclusions and associated cellular degenerations were shown to be part of the MD process by correlation of their occurrence with that of MD and by determination of their distributional dependence on the presence of the immunofluorescent (IF) antigen of MD. Inclusions and IF antigen appeared in the epithelial layers of the feather follicle, superficial to, but never in, the basal layer. The distributional relationship between cutaneous IF antigen and lymphoid aggregates, typical of MD, was studied; there was an apparent interaction between the aggregates and IF antigen.
