[The use of adrenaline for the treatment of anaphylaxis: the use by first-aid personnel is recommended]. / Utilisation de l'adrénaline dans le traitement de l'anaphylaxie : nécessité d'autorisation d'emploi par les secouristes.

UNLABELLED: Anaphylaxis is the most serious form of the IgE-dependent food allergy, with lethal risk. The incidence is sharply rising. OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the actual management of anaphylaxis, searching for the appropriateness with the International Guidelines highlighting the absolute need of epinephrine, and further suggestions for the improvement of treatment. METHOD: A general review of international studies stemming from Emergency Departments (ED), Paediatric, Resuscitation, Cardiologic or Allergy Departments over 1999-2012, as well of International Guidelines about the management of anaphylaxis. RESULTS: The self-injectable epinephrine by the patients is under-used. Treatment by epinephrine in ED has a low concordance with recommended guidelines. The discharge prescriptions of self-injectable epinephrine and referral to allergy testing are quite insufficient. CONCLUSION: The actual management of anaphylaxis does not fit with the International Guidelines. Anaphylaxis treatment protocols according to the international criteria should be applied in ED. Risk reduction strategies cannot rely only on the self-administration of epinephrine by the patient and should put forward a better efficiency of all first-aid care providers. A targeted educational intervention should be developed to improve the care of emergency medical services providers. They should have self-injectable-epinephrine available and should be coached to use it properly.

[History of acute kidney injury, the early development of hemodialysis in France]. / Histoire de l'insuffisance rénale aiguë et des débuts de l'hémodialyse en France.

From the end of the 19th century to the 1950s, from mechanisms of disease and pathology to the first success of hemodialysis, the author depicts the history of acute kidney injury. These remarkable improvements of modern medicine led concurrently to the spread of hemodialysis for the replacement of end-stage renal disease.

[From the Revue médicale de l'Est to Les Annales médicales de Nancy one hundred years of medical press from Lorraine]. / De la Revue médicale de l'Est aux Annales médicales de Nancy Cent trente ans de presse médicale lorraine.

Les Annales Médicales de Nancy was a periodical review which published a lot of scientific, medical articles of which some deal with history of medicine. It listed among the oldest regional medical reviews since 1895 under many professors' leadership (Heydenreich, Hamant, Chalnot...) but it ceased to exist in 1995 for lack of money.

[First-aid in France. Current situation and future perspectives]. / Le Secourisme en France. Panorama et perspectives.

First-aid--treatment aimed at enabling a victim to survive pending the arrival of qualified medical support--is less well developed in France than in many other industrialized countries, especially among the general public. The current status of first-aid in France is paradoxical: schooling is free and obligatory, the ambulance service and emergency services are of the highest quality, but the general public are too often passive and unknowledgeable when faced with an emergency situation. This situation is due to several factors, including the complexity of first-aid training and regulations, the involvement of too many public bodies, the legal liability of the first-aider, and a lack of ongoing training. The French National Academy of Medicine recommends 8 measures to improve this situation: Provide a legal definition of first-aid: "a set of recognized measures aimed, in an emergency setting, at preserving the physical and psychological integrity of the victim of an accident or illness, notably pending the arrival of professional medical assistance". Waive, as in many other countries, civil and legal responsibility for the non professional first-aider, except in case of clear negligence. Reinforce the organization of first-aid in France in order to monitor the number and quality of first-aiders, and to ensure theoretical and pedagogic research; create a communications department capable of supporting and promoting first-aid. Improve access to first-aid training by increasing the number of situations in which it is obligatory (driving tuition, school and university examinations, group responsibility, at-risk practices), by providing financial assistance for certain groups, and by ensuring routine training at school, in the armed forces, and in the workplace. Create a progressive and integrated citizen first-aid training course with individual modules, ensuring that first-aiders update and perfect their knowledge throughout life. Soften pedagogic rules and shorten the training period in order to make volunteer first- aiding more accessible, notably by employing the latest teaching methods. Authorize professional first-aiders to use monitoring equipment, airway clearance techniques, and certain emergency medications. Finally, give first-aid a European dimension, underline the need for prevention, and reinforce and develop the ethical side of first-aiding. First-aid provides access to citizenship and altruism, is the first link in the chain of emergency medical assistance capable of saving lives, and is crucial for civil security As such, it is a national cause and must be strongly supported by the political and administrative authorities.