Tratamiento no quirúrgico de las uñas encarnadas con infiltración local de triamcinolona / Nonsurgical Treatment of Ingrown Nails With Local Triamcinolone Injections

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Repeat gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: A single-center experience and focused review of the literature.

OBJECTIVES: Repeat Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSR) for refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) is an increasingly common practice. Prior studies have reported varying success rates and incidence of trigeminal nerve dysfunction following repeated GKSR. We report treatment outcomes and toxicity in patients following repeat GKSR for TGN at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) with a focused review of the literature. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 55 TGN patients re-treated with radiosurgery using the Leksell Gamma Knife® at the University of Alabama at Birmingham between 1996 and 2012. Outcomes were defined using the Modified Marseille Scale. Demographics, prior treatments and symptom duration were correlated with outcomes. RESULTS: Eighteen patients (33%) achieved Marseille Class I or II, 14 (25%) Class III or IV, and 23 (42%) Class V at a mean follow-up of 14.4 months. Twenty-five patients (45%) developed new trigeminal nerve dysfunction after re-treatment. Of these, four (16%) did not develop dysfunction until subsequent microvascular decompression (MVD) for inadequate symptom relief. CONCLUSIONS: Although more than half of the patients undergoing repeat GKSR for refractory TGN maintained excellent or good outcomes (Marseille classes I-IV) at an average follow-up of 14.4 months, neither age, gender, nor pre-treatment duration of symptoms or interval between treatments had a statistically significant effect on outcomes. Following repeat GKSR, patients have increased risk for new-onset trigeminal nerve dysfunction and those undergoing MVD after repeat GKSR may have an increased risk for new-onset trigeminal nerve dysfunction.

Multiple probes reveal a native-like intermediate during low-temperature refolding of ubiquitin.

We investigate the refolding of ubiquitin Phe45Trp/Ile61Ala (Ub(*)I61A) in a low-temperature, high-viscosity buffer, where folding is slowed so that apparent two-state and three-state mechanisms are readily distinguishable. Ub(*)I61A forms a compact ensemble rapidly (as judged from stopped-flow, small-angle X-ray scattering) with a secondary structure signature similar to that of the native state (as judged from stopped-flow circular dichroism from 215 nm to 250 nm), but the fluorescence signature still resembles the guanidinium-denatured state. The compact ensemble forms over a range of solvent and temperature conditions. The native fluorescence signature, which requires the tryptophan residue to be packed tightly, is acquired at least 500 times more slowly. Molecular dynamics simulations at 495 K show no contraction of the backbone in ethylene glycol buffer compared to pure aqueous buffer, and no significant effect on the local backbone structure of the unfolded protein. Only at higher simulation temperature does a backbone contraction appear. Thus, it appears unlikely that the aqueous ethylene glycol buffer fundamentally changes the folding mechanism of ubiquitin. We suggest that ubiquitin forms a compact ensemble with native-like secondary structure, but without tight packing, long before the native state.

Investigation of commercial Mitolife as an antioxidant and antimutagen.

Coronary heart disease and many types of cancer are important diseases in the world and especially in Western countries. There are biochemical activation processes for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and genotoxic carcinogens to reactive products. In part, these also involve the generation of active oxygen and reactive oxygen species. We investigated the effect of a natural product, MitoLife, which contains a mixture of fruit and tea extracts, on the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the mutagenicity of five genotoxic carcinogens, specifically, 2-acetylaminofluorene, 2-aminoanthracene, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, aflatoxin B(1), and benzo[a]pyrene. A positive antioxidant control, polyphenon 60, a concentrate of green-tea polyphenols, was used to compare the effect of MitoLife with that of polyphenon. MitoLife displayed inhibiting effects in all series of tests at slightly lower effectiveness but with the same order of magnitude as the green-tea polyphenol product. Thus, MitoLife represents another means to decrease adverse effects associated with the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or of a series of carcinogens, some of which are in the human environment.

Rabies veterinary virus vaccine produced in BHK-21 cells grown on microcarriers in a bioreactor.

BHK-21 cells were grown in microcarriers in the CELLIGEN CL 50 bioreactor to produce a stock of rabies veterinary virus vaccine PV (Pasteur virus) strain. Perfusion mode operation of this bioreactor produced between two- and fourfold larger yields (cells/ml) than traditional stationary cell culture systems (i.e., Blake, and Roller bottles or cell factory multitrays). The method employed harvested 281 of rabies virus in 200 h (infectivity titer 0.6 +/- 1.4 x 10(7) LD50 per ml) in a single operation. The risk of contamination is thus reduced when compared with traditional stationary methods which, in order to obtain the same amount of virus, would require the operation of 285 Blake bottles, or 143 Roller bottles, or 15 Cell Factory multitrays (10 trays). By perfusion mode operation of the bioreactor, 89% of the cell culture medium was recovered as vaccinal virus, which contrasts with the yield of only 50-59% using traditional cell culture systems. On the other hand, only 925 ml of fetal serum was required to obtain the 281 of rabies virus harvest as compared to the 3420 ml required by traditional methods.

Paramyxovirus induced cell fusion. Hemagglutination and hemolysis is enhanced by methylphenidate.

The influence of methylphenidate (MP) upon cell fusion, hemagglutination and hemolysis induced by paramyxovirus was evaluated in vitro. A direct correlation between MP concentrations (range 40 mg/ml to 1.25 mg/ml) and hemagglutination and hemolysis induced by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was found. Furthermore, MP (500 micrograms/ml) increased formation of the syncytia by LPM paramyxovirus in PK-15 cells. It is fair to speculate that MP leads to activation of the F and/or HN proteins in paramyxovirus by mechanisms other than proteolytic cleavage.

In vitro and in vivo effect of heparin, chondroitin, dextran and protamine on the virulence of pseudorabies virus (Suid herpesvirus 1).

The possible antiherpetic effect of three polyanions (heparin, chondroitin sulfate and dextran sulfate), as well as one polycation (protamine sulfate) was tested in vitro and in vivo against pseudorabies virus (Suid herpesvirus 1). The in vitro experiments revealed that heparin, dextran sulfate and protamine sulfate significantly reduced the number of lytic plaques. Chondroitin sulfate only caused a decrease in mean plaque size. Experiments in vivo disclosed that heparin injected subcutaneously before the experimental infection, was the only polyanion that protected mice against pseudorabies virus. Protamine sulfate had a paradoxic effect: whereas in vitro it reduced the number of lytic plaques, in vivo it increased the lethality of pseudorabies virus. Chondroitin sulfate and dextran sulfate did not modify the virulence of the virus in mice.

Etiologia de las gastroenteritis infecciosas de adquisicion intrahospitalaria. / Etiology of infectious gastroenteritis acquired in hospitals

Entre 77 ninos con diarrea de adquisicion intrahospitalaria, se demostro la presencia de microorganismos potencialmente patogenos en 45 (57 por ciento) y en solo 11 de 32 (34 por ciento) casos de control, con una diferencia significativa. Se encontraron rotavirus, Salmonela. E. coli seroagrupable, Shigella, E.histolytica y G. lamblia. Hubo una diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos en relacion con rotavirus. Salmonella y Shigella solo se encontraron en el grupo de pacientes. La presencia de E. coli seroagrupable fue casi igual en los dos grupos de ninos. El numero de parasitos encontrados fue muy pequeno y solamente se observaron quistes

[Persistence of transplacental antibodies against rotavirus in children less than 6 months of age]. / Persistencia de anticuerpos transplacentarios contra rotavirus en niños menores de seis meses de edad.

The persistence of antibodies against rotavirus was studied in the sera of 54 recently born infants up to six months of age; likewise, in the sera of their mothers. Serum positivities were found to be similar in both, showing 96% for those with antibodies and 94.4% for the latter. The percentage of infants with antibodies dropped gradually to the 4th month of age and since then rises in the titre of antibodies began to appear in four infants, which indicated there had been rotavirus infections. These studies lead to believe that in spite of the presence of serum antibodies, rotavirus multiply in the enteric tract and do not bring about serum antibodies, but perhaps, they stimulate the production of coproantibodies, which do not allow in the future the implantation of these viruses in the intestine.

Persistencia de anticuerpos transplacentarios contra rotavirus en ninos menores de seis meses de edad. / Persistence of transplacental antibodies against rotavirus in infants less than six months old

Se estudio la persistencia de anticuerpos contra rotavirus en los sueros de 54 ninos, desde recien nacidos hasta los seis meses de edad; asi mismo, en el suero de sus madres.Tanto en el suero de las madres, como en el obtenido de cordon umbilical, se encontro que la seropositividad era semejante, ya que los primeros mostrarom un 96.1% con anticuerpos y los segundos un 94.4%. El porcentaje de ninos con anticuerpos fue disminuyendo hasta el cuarto mes de edad y a partir de esta fecha, empezaron a aparecer elevaciones en el titulo de anticuerpos en cuatro ninos, indicando que habia habido infecciones por rotavirus. Estos estudios hacen pensar que a pesar de haber anticuerpos sericos los rotavirus se multiplican en el tracto enterico y no producen la aparicion de anticuerpos sericos, pero tal vez si estimulen la produccion de coproanticuerpos los cuales no permitiran la implantacion de estos virus en el intestino, en un futuro