ABSTRACT
PIP: This paper examines the sharing of risks between generations in the framework of an overlapping generations model of social security with shocks to the productivity of labor and capital and demographic shocks. The study focused on stationary long run allocations. The concept of interim optimality was utilized, which amounts to standard Pareto optimality once the state of the world in which the agents are born is known. The set of interim optimal allocations was characterized and the equilibria associated with various institutional forms of social security from the point of view of the optimal criterion were also studied. In addition, the analogs of two traditional welfare theorems of microeconomic theory were obtained.^ieng
Subject(s)
Demography , Economics , Family Characteristics , Health Planning , Health Resources , Models, Theoretical , Population Dynamics , Social Security , Financial Management , Financing, Government , Organization and Administration , Population , Population Density , Social PlanningABSTRACT
Noma is a gangrenous stomatitis affecting children from developing countries. It may leave dreadful mutilations around the mouth, leading to esthetic disabling sequels and permanent trismus. Iconography of the acute stage and of sequels is presented in this paper, and pathogenesis of the disease is discussed.
Subject(s)
Noma/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child Nutrition Disorders/complications , Child, Preschool , Humans , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/complications , Noma/pathology , Noma/physiopathology , Oral Hygiene , Poverty , Socioeconomic Factors , Trismus/physiopathology , Wound HealingABSTRACT
Le noma; encore trop frequent dans les pays developpes; provoque des pertes de substance toujours difficile a corriger. Nous decrivons notre technique de reconstitution labiale par un lambeau d'avancement labial total
Subject(s)
Noma/rehabilitation , Surgical FlapsABSTRACT
A total of 775 serum samples from men and women working in hospitals in Dakar, Senegal, were tested for serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBsAg was detected in 17.8% of the subjects, and 79.2% of the subjects were anti-HBc positive. Among HBsAg carriers 0.04% (5) subjects were HBeAg positive, 0.03% (4) were HBV-DNA positive, and 5.8% (8) were also anti-Delta positive. HBsAg seropositivity was independent of sex and inversely related to age. Duration of service in the hospital was an important predictor of HBsAg seropositivity and the prevalence of seropositive subjects peaked between 2 and 3 years of employment (OR = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 1.1-3.3, when compared to subjects who worked 1 year of less). This peak was critical in the Department of Dentistry, where subjects who worked for 2-3 years experienced a fourfold increase in the risk of HBV infection (OR = 4.0; 95% Cl = 1.8-9.0). Adjusting for age and sex did not modify the results. Within the Department of Dentistry, 15 subjects were HBsAg positive but anti-HBc negative; 12 subjects were retested 1 year later and did not present any markers of past or current HBV infection. These results confirm the increased risk of HBV infection among hospital workers and suggest the presence of HBV variant(s) in Senegal.
