ABSTRACT
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is defined histopathologically by the presence of macrovesicular steatosis, cellular ballooning, and inflammation. NASH represents a complex multifactorial disease that typically occurs within the context of the metabolic syndrome. NASH lacks homogeneity, and other forms of NASH can present atypically. Less than 50% of patients with NASH respond to pharmacologic treatment, which speaks to this heterogeneity. The authors discuss drugs, disease entities, and nutritional states that can cause or exacerbate underlying NASH indirectly through worsening insulin resistance or directly by interfering with lipid metabolism, promoting oxidative injury, or activating inflammatory pathways.
Subject(s)
Fatty Liver , Amiodarone/adverse effects , Anti-Retroviral Agents/adverse effects , Bacterial Infections/complications , Cannabis/adverse effects , Diet/adverse effects , Fatty Liver/chemically induced , Fatty Liver/drug therapy , Fatty Liver/genetics , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/complications , Glucocorticoids/adverse effects , Humans , Hypothyroidism/complications , Insulin Resistance , Intestinal Diseases/complications , Intestinal Diseases/microbiology , Lipid Metabolism , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Methotrexate/adverse effects , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Occupational Diseases/chemically induced , Perhexiline/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Hyponatremia can be a marker of an underlying disease. We report a 52 years-old male with Diabetes Mellitus who consulted for an episode of nausea and vomiting lasting four days. His baseline serum sodium was 118 mEq/L. He had no neurological deficit. Hyponatremia was initially interpreted in context of gastrointestinal fluid loss but correction with saline solution was poor. His urine sodium was 105 mEq/L and his urine osmolality was 281 mOsm/L, so an Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone Syndrome was suspected. Later, we found that the patient had a two year history of fatigue, weakness, anorexia, frequent nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, loss of libido and decreased axillary and pubic hair. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was normal and serum Cortisol < 1 µg/dL. A CT scan showed a sellar mass compatible with a macroadenoma. There was also a moderately high serum prolactin and low testosterone, thyroxin and growth hormone levels. The visual fi eld exami-nation showed right temporal hemianopsia. The patient was treated with steroids with a very good clinical response and serum sodium normalization. Subsequently a transsphenoidal excision of the tumor was performed and replacement of the other hormones was started. Now the patient remains asymptomatic.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adrenal Insufficiency/complications , Hyponatremia/etiology , Adenoma/diagnosis , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adrenal Insufficiency/diagnosis , /complications , Extracellular Space/metabolism , Hydrocortisone/blood , Hyponatremia/diagnosis , Inappropriate ADH Syndrome/diagnosis , Thyrotropin/bloodABSTRACT
Hyponatremia can be a marker of an underlying disease. We report a 52 years-old male with Diabetes Mellitus who consulted for an episode of nausea and vomiting lasting four days. His baseline serum sodium was 118 mEq/L. He had no neurological deficit. Hyponatremia was initially interpreted in context of gastrointestinal fluid loss but correction with saline solution was poor. His urine sodium was 105 mEq/L and his urine osmolality was 281 mOsm/L, so an Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone Syndrome was suspected. Later, we found that the patient had a two year history of fatigue, weakness, anorexia, frequent nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, loss of libido and decreased axillary and pubic hair. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was normal and serum Cortisol < 1 µg/dL. A CT scan showed a sellar mass compatible with a macroadenoma. There was also a moderately high serum prolactin and low testosterone, thyroxin and growth hormone levels. The visual fi eld exami-nation showed right temporal hemianopsia. The patient was treated with steroids with a very good clinical response and serum sodium normalization. Subsequently a transsphenoidal excision of the tumor was performed and replacement of the other hormones was started. Now the patient remains asymptomatic.