ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in patients with dengue. Sera from 17 patients with dengue fever (DF), 15 with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and 12 healthy individuals were obtained. Increased levels of sIL-2R and sICAM-1 were found in patients with DF and DHF when compared to normal; those were not correlated with leukocytes, hepatic serum enzyme levels or haemostatic parameters. Levels of sIL-2R were related to the different grades of DHF. These results suggest that increased levels of sIL-2R and sICAM-1 are a common feature of dengue.
Subject(s)
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/blood , Receptors, Interleukin-2/blood , Severe Dengue/blood , Severe Dengue/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Humans , Infant , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis , Middle Aged , Receptors, Interleukin-2/analysisABSTRACT
The Insular Municipality of Almirante Padilla, historically, has been affected by Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) epidemics, that have occurred cyclically in the Paez, Mara and Almirante Padilla Municipalities of the State of Zulia. During the last epidemic outbreak (1995), the studies reported a great number of cases of VEE in humans, based on epidemiologic-clinical diagnosis; occupying this municipality, the first place in the attack rate by the virus. At the same time, Dengue has been defined as an endemic illness affecting different regions, whose etiologic agent has previously circulated in the studied zone. In order to evaluate the immunity acquired against these viruses, a serological study was conducted in San Carlos Island. Two hundred and ten blood samples were obtained at random, among individuals of an age range between < 1 and 69 years, with and without antecedents of viral illness symptomatology at the moment of the epidemic outbreak, occurred in 1995. The samples were classified according to sex and age, and analyzed through the test of ELISA for specific IgG antibodies against the VEE and Dengue viruses. From the total of the samples processed, 116 (55.2%) were positive for VEE, affecting uniformly all age-groups with a slight masculine predominance. Likewise, 88 cases (41.9%) were determined positive for Dengue virus, affecting mainly the group ranging from 10 to 19 years. These results let us suggest that the epidemic outbreak occurred in 1995 at the Almirante Padilla Insular Municipality, had a double nature with both viruses being involved in the etiology of febrile cases.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Dengue Virus/immunology , Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Dengue/epidemiology , Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Geography , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Random Allocation , Sampling Studies , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Venezuela/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Local statistics report a great number of cases of neurological diseases of unidentified cause. The purpose of this research was to determine the presence of viral agents in patients with affection of the central nervous system, in Zulia State, Venezuela. In different health centers throughout the state, we collected 129 randomized samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from patients ranging from 1 day to 41 years of age, showing symptoms of CNS disease and whose bacteriological test resulted negative. The serum/CSF albumin ratio was determined to exclude contaminated CSF samples, thus 54 optimal samples were obtained for the research. We determined serum IgM and CSF IgG specific for Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE), Herpes simplex (HSV), Epstein Barr (EBV), Dengue, Rubella and Measles virus, through ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Of the 54 samples studied, 33 (61.11%) were positive. %). The etiological agents implicated were VEE 14 cases (42.42%); HSV 11 cases (33.33%); EBV 5 cases (15.15%) and Dengue 3 cases (9.09%). We did not detect Rubella o Measles. Regarding the age distribution, the most affected group was that of children under 12 (83.34%). We analyzed the clinical manifestations and the CSF characteristics and did not find differences suggestive of an specific etiological diagnosis, even though certain signs could be considered early indications of CNS alterations due to viral causes. Our study shows that a large percentage of CNS affections of unknown etiology are produced by viral agents, indicating that in our region, most of this cases are not registered.
