ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Female rowers may be at risk of eating disorders and high weight pressure. AIM: The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of disordered eating symptoms and weight-related pressure and the associations with self-concept, psychological well-being, socio-demographic data, experience, performance level and body composition in female fixed-bench rowers. METHODS: Female rowers (n = 208; age ranged mean ± SD 23.6 ± 6.5 years) completed the SCOFF scale, Weight-Pressures in Sport-Females (WPS-F), Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire and the Ryff scales of psychological well-being and provided information on their experience and level of competition. In a subgroup of 115 athletes, body composition was assessed using bioimpedance. RESULTS: It was found that 42.3% of the athletes scored ≥ 2 on SCOFF and mean ± SD value of WPS-F score was 3.65 ± 0.82. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that self-concept of strength and pressure from teammates and the uniform were associated with higher ED symptoms, whereas better psychological well-being in terms of autonomy, self-concept of attractiveness, and age were protective factors for ED symptoms. BMI, athletes' physical condition, strength, and experience were associated with more weight-related pressure and better self-concept of attractiveness and physical well-being of autonomy were significantly associated with less pressure. In body composition analysis, higher extra cellular water, self-acceptance, and physical condition were associated with more weight-related pressure in female rowers, being attractiveness and the environmental mastery protective elements. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ED symptomatology and weight-related pressure are high in female fixed bench rowing. The psychological factors of well-being and self-concept, team environment, body image concerns and body composition analysis should be considered to promote healthy eating behaviours in female rowers.
Athletes may be at increased risk of developing disordered eating behaviours that, if persistent, may lead to a diagnosis of an eating disorder. This can affect their health in the short and long term. The risk factors are many, and perceived weight-related pressures and psychological attitudes towards body image, appearance and concerns are less well understood. Female rowers are at high risk for eating disorder symptoms, and athletes' self-concept of strength and pressure from teammates and the uniform were associated as negative factors for eating disorder symptoms. On the other hand, better psychological well-being in terms of autonomy, self-concept of attractiveness and age were protective factors for eating disorder symptoms. Weight pressure was associated with higher body mass index, water retention, physical condition, strength and experience, whereas better self-concept of attractiveness and physical well-being were significantly associated with less pressure. Weight pressure and psychological attitudes towards body image have the role of protective/facilitating factors against the development of eating disorders. They should be taken into account when designing prevention and intervention programmes for athletes, coaches, parents and technical staff.
ABSTRACT
En el remo de traineras se han observado diferencias antropométricas, mecánicas y de rendimiento entre remeros de un mismo club que competían en distintas categorías. La potencia aeróbica máxima se ha definido como uno de los mejores predictores del rendimiento en el remo. El objetivo fue observar diferencias entre de remeros y remeras en datos antropométricos, fisiológicos y de potencia aeróbica. Se evaluó el peso (P), la talla (T), el porcentaje graso (G), el sumatorio de siete pliegues (S7) y los vatios (W) absolutos y relativos (W/kg) de 55 sujetos. De los 55 sujetos, 38 fueron hombres (26,95 ±7,0 años) y 17 mujeres (24,82 años ±6,8). Para calcular el tamaño del efecto como diferencia de medias estandarizadas se utilizó la d de Cohen. En los resultados, se obtuvieron medias muestrales en las variables analizadas en los diferentes sexos (M: mujeres y H: hombres). Para H: [P: 77,25 (9,41) T: 1,80 (0,07) G: 12,77 (3,04) S7: 72,23 (28,20) W: 273,6 (52,88) W/kg: 3,57 (0,67)] y para M: [P: 61,79 (6,85 - T: 1,67 (0,07) G: 14,44 (2,47)- S7: 103,83 (28,64) W: 171,35 (29,19) W/kg: 2,78 (0,43)]. Finalmente los resultados fueron los siguientes: P: 1,77 T: 1,87 G: 0,57 S7: 1,11 W: 2,17 W/kg: 1,28. Mostrando diferencias significativas y un tamaño del efecto grande entre ambos sexos en todas las variables analizadas, exceptuando la variable del porcentaje graso.(AU)
Anthropometric, mechanical and performance differences have been observed in rowing between rowers from the same club competing in different categories. Maximal aerobic power has been defined as one of the best predictors of rowing performance. The aim was to observe differences between male and female rowers in anthropometric, physiological and aerobic power data. Weight (P), height (T), fat percentage (G), sum of seven folds (S7) and absolute and relative watts (W) (W/kg) of 55 subjects were assessed. Of the 55 subjects, 38 were male (26.95 ±7.0 years) and 17 were female (24.82 ±6.8 years). Cohens d was used to calculate the effect size as standardised mean difference. In the results, sample means were obtained for the variables analysed in the different sexes (F: females and M: males). For F: [P: 77.25 (9.41) - T: 1.80 (0.07) - G: 12.77 (3.04) - S7: 72.23 (28.20) - W: 273.6 (52.88) - W/kg: 3.57 (0.67)] and for M: [P: 61.79 (6.85 - T: 1.67 (0.07) - G: 14.44 (2.47)- S7: 103.83 (28.64) - W: 171.35 (29.19) - W/kg: 2.78 (0.43)]. Finally, the results were as follows: P: 1.77 - T: 1.87 - G: 0.57 - S7: 1.11 - W: 2.17 - W/kg: 1.28. Showing significant differences and a large effect size between both sexes in all the variables analysed, except for the fat percentage variable.(AU)
