ABSTRACT
Biologic therapeutics are currently not approved for the treatment of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, promising results from recent randomized controlled studies suggest that biologic therapeutics have therapeutic potential. This article summarizes the causal steps of the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes which are targeted by biologic therapeutics and reviews the treatment results.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , CD3 Complex/immunology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology , Humans , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) expression is reduced in islets of patients with type 2 diabetes. 70 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to treatment with anakinra (IL-1Ra) or placebo for 13 weeks. Following treatment glycated hemoglobin was 0.46 percent lower, C-peptide secretion was enhanced, and systemic IL-6 and C-reactive protein levels were reduced in the anakinra group compared to the placebo group. Insulin resistance remained unchanged. Blocking IL-1 activity improved glycemia and b-cell secretory function and reduced markers of systemic inflammation.
