ABSTRACT
The presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA in verrucous carcinomas and some squamous-cell carcinomas (SCC) of the oropharynx suggests a role for the virus in their pathogenesis. Spindle-cell squamous carcinoma is an uncommon variant of oropharyngeal SCC. Its association with the HPV has not been reported. In situ and dot blot hybridization, using biotinylated probes to HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35, failed to detect HPV DNA in nine studied cases of spindle-cell squamous carcinoma, as did polymerase chain reaction amplification, using a general HPV primer and type specific primers for HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33. Similar to previous studies, all patients were tobacco users, many were alcohol abusers, and six had a remote history of irradiation to the area. These factors, rather than the HPV, appear to have a more significant role in the development of this specific neoplasm.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/microbiology , DNA, Viral/analysis , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/microbiology , Papillomaviridae/chemistry , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alcoholism , Base Sequence , Female , Humans , Immunoblotting , In Situ Hybridization , Male , Middle Aged , Molecular Sequence Data , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Smoking/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The genetics behind response in barley anther culture was studied with 22 reciprocal and one single: cross between three varieties with high and four varieties with low capacity for green plant formation. Effects of genotypes dominated embryo formation and percentages of green plants, accounting for 62 and 76% of total variation, respectively, with almost no genetic effect on the ability to regenerate plants from pollen embryos. Nuclear genes could explain all genotype effects in this plant material, since no reciprocal effects were indicated. The three parents with high and the four parents with low capacity for green plant formation formed two phenotypically homogeneous groups, producing 27-52% and 0-7% green plants, respectively. Genetic variation within hybrids for both embryo and green plant formation could be explained completely by general combining ability (GCA). The results are discussed with respect to a previous similar study in hexaploid wheat and the reported existence of DNA deletions in the plastid genomes in albino plants from anther culture of wheat and barley.