Periodontal health in a population with Parkinson's disease in Spain: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this research is to evaluate the periodontal health of patients with Parkinson Disease (PD) in a Spanish cohort. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 104 patients with PD (mean age: 66.19+9.3 years) and 106 controls (mean age: 59.26+14.11 years). A pre-designed clinical protocol was implemented, which included a standardized epidemiological index for periodontal disease (CPITN), clinical attachment loss (CAL), tooth-loss, full mouth plaque index (FMPI), and oral hygienic habits. Univariate descriptions and comparative analysis were performed. RESULTS: The majority of PD patients presented good oral hygienic habits. There were no significant differences in relation to CPITN, periodontitis, gingival recessions and tooth loss. However, moderate/severe CAL (p=0.027) and FMPI (p=0.003) was higher in the PD group. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences on periodontitis and tooth loss between both groups. The higher number of advanced CAL and presence of biofilm in the PD group could be related to the difficulties to perform an effective tooth brushing due to this neurological disorder.

Facts and controversies regarding oral health in Parkinson's disease: A case-control study in Spanish patients.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the leading neurological disorders, affecting more than 6 million people worldwide. These patients present motor and non-motor symptoms, including oral pathology. The objective of this research is to determine the oral health of patients diagnosed with PD, in order to stablish a specific preventive oral health programme. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Case-control study on 104 PD and 106 control patients. The pre-designed clinical protocol included a complete oral examination on general aspects, standardised epidemiological index for caries, periodontal disease and edentulism, analysis of oral hygiene, presence of mucous/ salivary/ functional disorder, and dental treatments. RESULTS: A higher number of PD patients consumed daily sweets (p<0.004) and antidepressant drugs (p<0.004). Patients with PD practised less interdental hygiene (p<0.023). The mean plaque index was higher in PD (p<0.003). Drooling (p<0.001), xerostomia (p<0.001), hyposialia (p<0.001), dysphagia (p<0.001), hypogeusia/dysgeusia (p<0.025) and chewing difficulty (p<0.006) were more common in PD. CONCLUSIONS: Oral disorders are frequent in PD. A good knowledge of these alterations will allow us design a specific preventive protocol. Some oral alterations may be a sign of diagnostic alert or progression of PD.

Histopathological characterization of the oral lichenoid disease subtypes and the relation with the clinical data.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to analyze the histopathological characteristics of samples with a diagnosis of oral lichenoid disease (OLD) and their link with the location and the type of clinical lesion, and the clinicopathological subtypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study on 85 consecutive patients diagnosed with OLD (58 women and 27 men, mean age of 57.7 years). Clinical and histopathological characterization of each case (modified WHO criteria). Collection of the clinical and histopathological data of the lesions. Descriptive and comparative statistical analysis of the results. RESULTS: The 78.8% of the cases were considered clinically typical while the 21.2% were considered compatible. Histologically, 52.9% were classified as typical and 47.1% as compatible. Biopsies from "plaque-like" lesions presented hyperkeratosis (p>0.001) and epithelial dysplasia (p=0.06) more frequently. Furthermore, acute inflammation was more evident in erosive-ulcerative lesions (p=0.001). Differences regarding the location of the biopsy were statistically non-significant. However, 42.9% of the tongue biopsies showed epithelial dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: The histopathological aspect of this disorder is not specific and does not allow us to differentiate between the main subtypes. Therefore, the main reasons to perform a biopsy in this disorder are to define the differential diagnosis and to rule out epithelial dysplasia or a carcinoma. The final histopathological result may be subject to the type of lesion that is biopsied.

Oral lichenoid lesions associated with amalgam restorations: A prospective pilot study addressing the adult population of the Basque Country

Oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs) are linked to a heterogeneous group of pathologies involving the oral mucosa that cannot be distinguished from the oral lichen planus excepting the fact that direct causal factors such as silver amalgam restorations (SARs) can be allocated to them.Purpose: To analyze the prevalence of mucosal lesions associated with SAR in a group of SAR carrying patients in the Basque Country.Study Design: A clinical prospective study was carried out on 100 adult patients over 30 years of age at the UPV/EHU Clinical Odontology Service whose rear teeth had at least one SAR. Patients were identified and mucosal lesions and amalgam restorations were characterized. Patch tests were performed on patients with lesions and amalgams were replaced with composite material. A statistical and comparative analysis was performed with the resulting data.Results: OLLs were found in 7 patients whose predominant lesion was bilateral, asymmetrical and asymptomatic white papule-macule. Lesions were related to old and corroded SARs. Patch testing was positive in two cases. SAR substitution produced an improvement in 5 cases. Conclusions: The presence of lichenoid lesions associated with SARs is infrequent in our environment and is preferentially related to old and corroded restorations (AU)

Oral lichenoid lesions associated with amalgam restorations: a prospective pilot study addressing the adult population of the Basque Country.

UNLABELLED: Oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs) are linked to a heterogeneous group of pathologies involving the oral mucosa that cannot be distinguished from the oral lichen planus excepting the fact that direct causal factors such as silver amalgam restorations (SARs) can be allocated to them. PURPOSE: To analyze the prevalence of mucosal lesions associated with SAR in a group of SAR carrying patients in the Basque Country. STUDY DESIGN: A clinical prospective study was carried out on 100 adult patients over 30 years of age at the UPV/EHU Clinical Odontology Service whose rear teeth had at least one SAR. Patients were identified and mucosal lesions and amalgam restorations were characterized. Patch tests were performed on patients with lesions and amalgams were replaced with composite material. A statistical and comparative analysis was performed with the resulting data. RESULTS: OLLs were found in 7 patients whose predominant lesion was bilateral, asymmetrical and asymptomatic white papule-macule. Lesions were related to old and corroded SARs. Patch testing was positive in two cases. SAR substitution produced an improvement in 5 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of lichenoid lesions associated with SARs is infrequent in our environment and is preferentially related to old and corroded restorations.