[The immunomodulating action of erythrocyte carrier-bound plant heteropolysaccharides in immersion cooling]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie sviazannykh s éritrotsitarnym nositelem rastitel'nykh geteropolisakharidov pri immersionnom okhlazhdenii.

Heteropolysaccharides isolated from the racemes of families Polygonaceae, Tiliaceae, and Asteraceae intensify but do not normalize completely the development of the immune response in rats subjected to immersion (water) cooling. A similar effect is caused by erythrocytes of intact rats treated by heteropolysaccharides extracorporeally. On inclusion of heteropolysaccharides into the erythrocytic stroma of intact and cooled animals normalize the development of the immune response in rats subjected to immersion cooling.

[The pharmacological correction of the antioxidant status and of the immunological reactivity of the body during air and immersion cooling]. / Farmakologicheskaia korrektsiia antioksidantnogo statusa i immunologicheskoi reaktivnosti organizma pri vozdushnom i immersionnom okhladenii.

Beta-carotene, essential, and the heteropolysaccharide of chamomile racemes reduce the manifestation of the antioxidant status and immunological reactivity caused by air and immersion (water) cooling. The effect of the drugs is mediated by various fractions of the erythrocytes.

[The immunomodulating activity of the heteropolysaccharides from German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) during air and immersion cooling]. / Immunomoduliruiushchaia aktivnost' geteropolisakharidov romashki aptechnoi pri vozdushnom i immersionnom okhlazhdenii.

Intragastric and parenteral administration of heteropolysaccharides of Matricaria chamomilla L. is found to normalize developing of the immune response upon air cooling and enhance (but do not normalize) this process upon immersion cooling. The immunomodulating effect of the heteropolysaccharides upon cooling is attributed to initiation of immunostimulating properties of heavy erythrocytes (macrocytes), activization of immunoregulation cells of peripheral blood, and increased sensitivity of effector cells to helper signals.

[The effect of Essentiale and riboxin on the immunomodulating properties of the erythrocytes in a toxic liver lesion]. / Vliianie éssentsiale i riboksina na immunomoduliruiushchie svoistva éritrotsitov pri toksicheskom porazhenii pecheni.

D-galactosamine (DGA) increases the erythrocyte content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and the degree of peroxide hemolysis (DPH) of the erythrocytes, and reduces the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) and ATP content. DGA induces the appearance of immunosuppressive properties in light erythrocytes. Essentiale (2 mg/kg) reduces the MDA content and DPH in the heavy erythrocytes and induces the appearance of immunostimulating properties in them. Riboxine (2 mg/kg) reduces the content of DPG and ATP in the light erythrocytes and prevents the appearance of immunosuppressive properties in them. Injection of 2 mg/kg of Essentiale or riboxine does not affect the development of the immune response induced by sheep erythrocytes in DGA poisoned rats. Combined injection of the compounds in a dose of 1 mg/kg intensifies the immune response of the poisoned animals.

[Mechanism of development of immunosuppression in acute renal insufficiency]. / O mekhanizme razvitiia immunosupressii pri ostroi pochechnoi nedostatochnosti.

Immunosuppression caused by accumulation of antiproteolytic proteins and low-density lipoproteins and very low-density lipoproteins develops in acute renal failure (ARF) induced by HgCl2. An increase in the activity of antiproteolytic proteins occurs under the influence of factors of glass-adhering splenocytes whose elaboration is induced by heavy red blood cells modified by proteases. Lipoproteins give rise to the capacity of light red blood cells to activate the generation of suppressing cytokines by glass-adhering splenocytes. Lysozyme is an effective modulator in ARF.

[Naphthoquinones as immunomodulators during intensive exertion]. / Naftokhinony kak immunomoduliatory pri intensivnykh fizicheskikh nagruzkakh.

Naphthoquinones such as phylloquinone, menadione and vicasol normalized or increased the immune response in rats after intensive physical load. The most marked immunomodulating effect was induced by phylloquinone. The naphthoquinones induced the development of immunostimulating properties in heavy red blood cells by the direct action on the cell membranes or indirectly through proteolytic enzymes secreted by hepatocytes. The proteolytic enzymes secreted to the vascular channel in physical load increased the susceptibility of heavy red blood cells to phylloquinone. Glycosaminoglycans accumulating in the vascular channel in physical load increased the resistance of heavy red blood cells to phylloquinone. Heavy red blood cells of physically loaded animals treated in succession with hyaluronidase and phylloquinone and red blood cells of intact rats after the incubation in the presence of trypsin and phylloquinone proved to be effective immunomodulators in physical load.

[Mechanism of immunologic homeostasis during administration of essentiale fo animals performing physical exercise]. / O mekhanizme immunologicheskogo gomeostaza pri vvedenii éssentsiale zhivotnym, vypolniavshim fizicheskuiu nagruzku.

Glass-adherent splenocytes from the rats who have swum and taken essentiale injections release a factor raising blood antiproteolytic proteins. alpha 1-Antiproteases and alpha 2-macroglobulin do not result in the immunomodulating properties of red blood cells. With alpha 2-macroglobulin, red blood cells acquire essentiale resistance. This limits the appearance of erythrocytes that have immunostimulating properties in the blood of the animals which have swum and received essentiale.

[Mechanism of the immunomodulating action of extracorporeally essentiale-modified syngeneic erythrocytes during strenuous exertion]. / O mekhanizme immunomoduliruiushchego deistviia ékstrakorporal'no-modifitsirovannykh éssentsiale singennykh éritrotsitov pri fizicheskikh nagruzkakh vysokoi intensivnosti.

Exercise induces splenocytes to release a factor inhibiting the productive phase of immunogenesis that activates the formation of non-T-antigen-dependent and T-antigen-dependent suppressors. The administration of essential-modified erythrocytes to animals performing exercises make splenocytes to release a factor stimulating the cooperation of T and B lymphocytes and inhibiting the formation of non-T-antigen-specific and T-antigen-specific suppressors. The factor resulted from the essential-modified red blood cells depresses the influence of the factor released during exercise.

[The immunomodulating action of preparations possessing membrane-protective properties under intensive physical loading]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie preparatov, obladaiushchikh membranoprotektornymi svoistvami pri intensivnykh fizicheskikh nagruzkakh.

We found that essential, tocopherol acetate, and lidocaine hydrochloride enhance the immune response to T-dependent antigen under active physical loading. Essential induces the appearance of immunostimulating properties in heavy erythrocytes whereas tocopherol acetate, and lidocaine hydrochloride increase the resistance of light erythrocytes to the effect of blood serum compounds (extracted from swimming animals) which induce the immunosuppressive properties in them.

[The efficacy of the immunomodulating action of Essentiale and the modified animal erythrocytes]. / Effektivnost' immunomoduliruiushchego deistviia essentsiale i modifitsirovannykh im éritrotsitov zhivotnykh.

A relative order in reaction of immune system on antigenic irritant and its stability with respect to non-antigenic irritants is lowered to a greater extent in animals not able to swim, and in swimming animals it decreases to a smaller extent than in the case of administration of erythrocytes modified with essential (EME). After EME injections a phase of decreasing immunological reactivity with respect to T-dependent antigen; when essential is administered in animals the phase of immunosuppression is not observed. Essential normalized immune response to T-dependent antigen, if it is administered before physical load, combined with it, or after it. Injection of EME before the physical load increases its immunosuppressive effect.

[The immunomodulating action of polyunsaturated phospholipids]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie polinenasyshchennykh fosfolipidov.

Intravenous injection of essential to Wistar rats stimulates the immune response to sheep's red cells and also induces the appearance of heavy red cells in animal's blood, thus causing the secretion of immunomodulating factor by sticking spleen's cells to glass. Physical training (swimming) suppresses the immune response to sheep's red cells. This effect is connected with light red cells. Essential injection to swimming rats normalizes the immune response and prevents the appearance of light red cells in blood of animals which possess the immunosuppressing activity.

[Interrelationship between immunomodulating action of essentiale and its protective effect on working capacity in vibration disease]. / O vzaimosviazi immunomoduliruiushchego i aktoprotektornogo deistviia éssentsiale pri vibratsionnom porazhenii.

Vibration was indicated to act on the body by suppressing the development of an immune response and lowers the physical working capacity of Wistar rats. The administration of essential to the rats with vibration-induced abnormalities stimulated these processes. There was no relationship between the suppression of the body's immunological responsiveness and the decrease in its working capacity. There was a relationship between the immunostimulating effect of essential and its property to enhance the physical working capacity of rats with vibration-induced damage.

[Role of monokines in the development of the immune response during physical exertion and administration of essentiale]. / Rol' monokinov v razvitii immunnogo otveta pri fizicheskoi nagruzke i vvedenii éssentsiale.

Exercises and essential administration lead to the emergence of differently dense red blood cells that have opposite immunomodulating properties. Such red blood cells induce or stimulate the release of immunomodulating factors by various splenic macrophageal populations. Cell interaction largely determine the magnitude of the body's responses to T-dependent antigens during strenuous exercise and essential administration.

[The immunomodulating action of energizing preparations under physical loading]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie énergiziruiushchikh preparatov pri fizicheskikh nagruzkakh.

Riboxin produces a weak actoprotective effect during exercises, while glucose and benfotiamine enhance this effect of the former. Mildronate fails to affect the development of immune response and suppresses the physical fitness in swimming rats. Mildronate in combination with glucose and benfotiamine normalizes their immunological responsiveness and has no effects on the physical fitness.

[Essentiale as an inducer of immunomodulating properties in erythrocytes]. / Essentsiale kak induktor immunomoduliruiushchikh svoistv u éritrotsitov.

The erythrocytes extracorporeally treated with essentiale have a property to stimulate an immune response to T-dependent antigen, but fail to affect the extent of the immune response induced by T-independent antigen. The treatment of essentiale induces the appearance of immunostimulating properties in a fraction of heavy (over 1.117) erythrocytes, but does not influence the properties of light (under 1.079) and intermediate (1.092-1.105) erythrocytes. The essentiale-modified heavy erythrocytes induce intact rat splenic cell adherent to the glass to release the factor that stimulates an immune response to T-dependent antigen and the factor that induces the appearance of immunosuppressor properties of light erythrocytes.

[The interrelationship of the body's immunological reactivity and physical work capacity]. / O vzaimosviazi immunologicheskoi reaktivnosti i fizicheskoi rabotosposobnosti organizma.

Physical exercises (swimming) activated the immune responses to the T-dependent antigen and activated physical ability in Wistar rats. The mechanism of these effects involves the erythrocytes, spleen macrophages and their humoral agents.

[Development of various forms of immunosuppression after exertion and heat exposure]. / Razvitie razlichnykh form immunosupressii posle fizicheskoi nagruzki i teplovogo vozdeistviia.

In Wistar rats, 3-hour moderate exercise precipitated the development of antigen-specific immunosuppression induced by large doses of sheep erythrocytes, while 5-hour exercise caused, in addition, the development of antigen-nonspecific immunosuppression. After 5-hour swimming splenic cells which did not adhere to the plastic secreted the antigen-specific factor (ASF), while cells adhering to the plastic secreted the antigen-nonspecific factor (ANSF). Immunosuppressive ASF had no effect on ANSF secretion, whereas the latter accelerated the secretion of ASF by the splenocytes of swimming rats. Administration of erythrocytes of swimming rats induced the secretion of immunosuppressive ANSF by splenic cells which adhered to the glass and this factor promoted ASF secretion in hyperimmunized rats. After warming, the erythrocytes lost their property of inducing ANSF secretion by cells which did not adhere to the glass, which led to secondary diminution of ASF secretion.

[The immunomodulating action of riboxin during physical loading]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie riboksina pri fizicheskoi nagruzke.

Administration of riboxin to Wistar rats which had no exercise increased the development of a humoral immune response, but failed to affect the manifestations of delayed hypersensitivity induced by sheep red cells. Riboxin given to swimming rats intensified the development of two immune response types. The agent enhanced splenic cell release of suppressive and helper agents in swimming rats and reduced the responsiveness of the immune system to suppressive agents liberated by splenocytes during exercise. The cells of the swimming rats' immune system were sensitive to the helper agent liberated by splenocytes after riboxin administration.

[Immunomodulating action of heteropolysaccharides isolated from camomile flowers]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie geteropolisakharidov, vcydelennykh iz sotsvetii romashki.

Administration of heteropolysaccharides from the camomile flower clusters to rats which failed to perform a physical load (swimming) resulted in stimulation of development of the immune response to SRBCs. However, it did not influence development of the immune response to a bacterial lipopolysaccharide in the rats. A short-term exposure of the swimming animals to high doses of the heteropolysaccharides increased development of the immune response induced by their lipopolysaccharide. A long-term exposure of the swimming rats to low doses of the heteropolysaccharides increased development of the immune response to SRBCs and the lipopolysaccharide. The high doses of the heteropolysaccharides induced excretion of the helper factors by the spleen cells not adhesive to glass while the low doses of the heteropolysaccharides decreased sensitivity of the cells of the immune system to the influence of the suppressing factor excreted by the glass-adherent spleen cells from swimming rats.