ABSTRACT
Twenty-six epileptics, 16 males and 10 females, with various types of myoclonia were studied. In all patients routine EEG, 24-hour EEG and/or Video-EEG, also with EMG recording were done. Combined detailed clinical-electrophysiological analysis was possible owing to the modern methods of diagnostic examinations and it enabled five epileptic syndromes to be isolated in this group, that is: childhood epilepsy with absence attacks (CAE), juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE), juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) and photogenic epilepsy. Clinical features of four types of myoclonia occurring in these cases are described in detail since they make possible differential diagnosis of epilepsy syndromes. This is important since the diagnostic and therapeutic methods differ in these cases, and similarly the prognosis varies in these epilepsy types. Stress is laid on juvenile myoclonic epilepsy which is as yet too rarely or erroneously diagnosed.
Subject(s)
Electroencephalography , Epilepsies, Myoclonic/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Videotape RecordingSubject(s)
Electroencephalography , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Middle Aged , Monitoring, PhysiologicABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was the assessment of the diagnostic possibilities and usefulness of 24-hour cassette EEG/ECG recording in the differential diagnosis of short attacks of consciousness disturbances and/or syncopal states, and demonstration of interrelations between arrhythmias and seizures of cerebral origin. 24-EEG/ECG was obtained in 71 patients, including 34 with cardiological history who had above disturbances. Recording of 24-EEG/ECG made possible establishing of correct diagnosis in 15 cases (21.1%): in 1 case it was sinus arrest, in 14--epilepsy. In another 5 cases (7%) arrhythmia or conduction disturbances were found which could have been the case of their attacks, they all were patients with cardiological history. The analysis of EEG/ECG records of 47 epileptic seizures in 16 patients showed that in 11 of them (69%) the seizures were associated with sinus tachycardia without other arrhythmias. These results demonstrated the complex cause-effect relationship of cardiocerebral disorders in the aetiology of these states, and the usefulness of 24-EEG/ECG in their detection.
Subject(s)
Electrocardiography , Electroencephalography , Epilepsies, Partial/etiology , Syncope/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Epilepsies, Partial/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Syncope/etiology , Syncope/physiopathology , Tachycardia, Sinus/complications , Tachycardia, Sinus/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Sinus/physiopathologyABSTRACT
24-hour cassette recording of EEG using the Medilog 9000 system was done in 36 patients referred for observations because of diagnostic difficulties in cases of refractors unconsciousness attacks. The method made possible isolation of 3 groups: 1. 6 patients with attacks not suggestive of epilepsy 2. 12 patients with false unconsciousness attacks which were in fact short partial complex seizures (temporal lobe absence) 3. 17 patients with actual unconsciousness attacks. The study demonstrated a high usefulness of 24-hour EEG monitoring in the differential diagnosis of unconsciousness attacks increasing the likelihood of attack recording and making possible their precise clinical and EEG characteristics which is often impossible with routine EEG and history taking.
Subject(s)
Consciousness Disorders/diagnosis , Epilepsy, Absence/diagnosis , Epilepsy, Complex Partial/diagnosis , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/diagnosis , Neurocognitive Disorders/diagnosis , Adult , Circadian Rhythm , Consciousness Disorders/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Electroencephalography/instrumentation , Electroencephalography/methods , Epilepsy, Absence/complications , Epilepsy, Absence/psychology , Epilepsy, Complex Partial/complications , Epilepsy, Complex Partial/psychology , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/complications , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Neurocognitive Disorders/etiologyABSTRACT
In 24 patients with diagnostically not clear, short, recurrent episodes of consciousness disturbances and heart diseases and/or a history of arrhythmia simultaneous 24-hour recording was done of eeg and ecg. In the differential diagnosis epilepsy was considered, especially since in most cases routine eeg records demonstrated slight episodic changes. During 24-hour recording in 8 cases typical episodes of consciousness disturbances developed but in none of them these episodes were associated with arrhythmia which ruled out their cardiogenic origin. In 2 cases EEG recording served for establishing the diagnosis of partial complex seizures, 2 patients had hyperventilation syncope, one had TIA, in the remaining 3 cases absence of eeg and ecg changes during these episodes and coexistence of anxiety neurosis suggested functional origin. So the combined 24-hour eeg+ecg recording made possible establishing of diagnosis in 1/3 of these patients, enabling adequate treatment to be instituted.
Subject(s)
Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Consciousness Disorders/diagnosis , Epilepsy, Complex Partial/diagnosis , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Hyperventilation/diagnosis , Neurocognitive Disorders/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Anxiety Disorders/complications , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Circadian Rhythm , Consciousness Disorders/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Electroencephalography/methods , Epilepsy, Complex Partial/complications , Epilepsy, Complex Partial/psychology , Female , Heart Diseases/complications , Heart Diseases/psychology , Humans , Hyperventilation/complications , Hyperventilation/psychology , Male , Middle Aged , Monitoring, Physiologic , Neurocognitive Disorders/etiologyABSTRACT
The results of ultrasonographic and ophthalmodynamometric investigations were evaluated in 40 patients with stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery. An agreement was demonstrated between the results of ultrasonographic and angiographic investigations in 85% of cases, and between ophthalmodynamometric and angiographic findings in 65% of cases. In 20% of cases ophthalmodynamometrically silent occlusion of the internal carotid artery was demonstrated. These results show that supplementation of ophthalmodynamometric investigations with ultrasonography increases the proportion of correct diagnoses.
Subject(s)
Arterial Occlusive Diseases/diagnosis , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Carotid Artery, Internal , Constriction, Pathologic/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ophthalmodynamometry , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Sulocton effect was evaluated in 33 patients with symptoms of brain ischaemia during atherosclerosis. Thirty patients received the drug orally for 2 months in doses of 100 mg thrice daily. Three patients discontinued the treatment earlier (two of them discontinued it because of side effects). After two months of treatment a significant improvement was observed in such disturbances important for wellbeing and social contacts as: anxiety and fear, mood depression, disequilibrium of emotion, motivation and initiative. In many patients headaches, dizziness and gait disturbances disappeared or diminished. Sulocton was useful in the treatment of patients with cerebral atherosclerosis.
