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1.
Child Care Health Dev ; 38(5): 611-28, 2012 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22372737

ABSTRACT

Disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs), including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) are chronic disorders with significant overlap in aetiology and presentation. An integrative examination of environmental risk factors is lacking. Six literature searches of web-based bibliographic databases were completed to identify literature on DBDs in general and five disorders in particular: CD, ODD, ADHD, deficits of attention, motor control and perception, and reactive attachment disorder. Searches were filtered to focus on studies including diagnostic assessment, focussing on environmental risk and protective factors in the first 4 years of life. The database searches generated 9806 papers of which 47 were reviewed after filters had been applied. The evidence suggests links between a number of early life risk factors and DBDs, including prenatal cigarette smoking and alcohol use, prenatal viral illness, maternal stress and anxiety, low birthweight, peri-partum and early neonatal complications, parental stress and parenting styles in infancy, early deprivation, adoption and separation. Despite the understanding that there is sharing of risk factors between the DBDs, there has been a disproportionate focus on the role of certain risk factors at the expense of others and the field is weakened by difficulties in controlling for all potential confounding variables.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/etiology , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Anxiety/psychology , Anxiety, Separation/psychology , Environment , Female , Foster Home Care/psychology , Humans , Infant, Low Birth Weight/psychology , Infant, Newborn , Maternal Exposure , Parenting/psychology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/psychology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/psychology , Risk Factors , Seasons , Smoking/psychology , Stress, Psychological/psychology
2.
Vet Pathol ; 46(6): 1100-8, 2009 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19605913

ABSTRACT

A unique form of pulmonary malignancy develops in cockatiels. This report describes the gross, histologic, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical features of this tumor in 6 cockatiels. DNA in-situ hybridization for polyomavirus in the neoplasm was also performed. The tumor was comprised predominantly of compact sheets of anaplastic round to polygonal cells. All tumors had a high mitotic index, and had occasional large clear to slightly basophilic intranuclear inclusions that caused peripheral dispersal or complete masking of chromatin. Tumors were invasive but convincing metastases were not observed. Transmission electron microscopy identified intracytoplasmic intermediate filaments, desmosomes between cells, and intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations corresponding to the intranuclear inclusions in light microscopic sections. Neoplastic cells stained positive for vimentin, lysozyme, and in 1 bird, pan cytokeratin. All 6 pulmonary neoplasms were negative for avian polyomavirus using the FN-19/FN-40 cocktail and the long VP-1 probe. We propose that these tumors may be poorly differentiated carcinomas of pulmonary or thymic origin.


Subject(s)
Bird Diseases/pathology , Cockatoos , Lung Neoplasms/veterinary , Animals , Female , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Retrospective Studies
3.
Vet Rec ; 162(4): 112-5, 2008 Jan 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18223267

ABSTRACT

A two-phase cross-over therapeutic study was performed with 19 green iguanas (Iguana iguana) maintained within a preferred optimum temperature range of 26 to 37 degrees C. During phase 1, they were fed a normal vegetarian diet and medicated orally with either allopurinol or a placebo control once a day for seven days. Uric acid concentrations, total protein, packed-cell volumes (pcv) and bodyweights were recorded from each lizard before and after treatment to determine the effects of allopurinol. In phase 2, after a 10-day washout period, the iguanas were fed a high protein diet to induce hyperuricaemia. Normo- and hyperuricaemic iguanas that received 24.2 (3.2) mg/kg allopurinol had significantly lower mean (sd) uric acid concentrations (100.3 [53.1] micromol/l) than the controls (159.3 [100.3] micromol/l). There were no detectable interactions between the doses of allopurinol or placebo, and the iguanas' diet, weight, pcv or total protein. The allopurinol was well tolerated, and there was no significant clinical, gross or histological evidence of hepatic or renal toxicity in the iguanas that received the drug. However, in the kidneys of the hyperuricaemic iguanas that did not receive allopurinol there were proliferative changes in the glomeruli and degeneration of tubular epithelia. Allopurinol given orally at 25 mg/kg daily is able to reduce plasma uric acid levels by 41 to 45 per cent, and is therefore recommended for the treatment of hyperuricaemia in the green iguana.


Subject(s)
Allopurinol/pharmacology , Antimetabolites/pharmacology , Hyperuricemia/veterinary , Iguanas/physiology , Uric Acid/blood , Administration, Oral , Allopurinol/administration & dosage , Animals , Antimetabolites/administration & dosage , Blood Proteins/analysis , Blood Proteins/drug effects , Body Weight/drug effects , Cross-Over Studies , Diet/veterinary , Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage , Hematocrit/veterinary , Hyperuricemia/drug therapy , Kidney/drug effects , Liver/drug effects , Male , Random Allocation
4.
Vet Pathol ; 44(5): 687-90, 2007 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17846242

ABSTRACT

This report describes the use of polymerase chain reaction and DNA in situ hybridization to diagnose Aleutian mink disease parvovirus DNA in various tissue specimens from 2 companion striped skunks. Clinical, laboratory, and microscopic findings also support a clinical diagnosis of Aleutian disease in these mink.


Subject(s)
Aleutian Mink Disease/diagnosis , Aleutian Mink Disease/virology , Mephitidae/virology , Animals , DNA, Viral/analysis , DNA, Viral/genetics , Female , Male , Parvovirus/genetics , Parvovirus/isolation & purification
6.
J Vet Diagn Invest ; 17(6): 561-4, 2005 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16475514

ABSTRACT

Ten veterinary pathologists independently assigned histologic grades to the same 60 canine cutaneous mast cell tumors using the Patnaik classifications. The degree of agreement in grading among the pathologists was compared with the degree of agreement among the same pathologists in a previous study, in which each pathologist used the reference for grading that he/she uses routinely. Mean agreement improved significantly from 50.3% to 62.1% with uniform use of the Patnaik classifications (P = 0.00001), suggesting that there is value in uniform application of a single grading scheme for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors. Agreement among pathologists was still not 100%, suggesting that a more objective grading scheme should be developed and that other histologic indicators of prognosis should be investigated.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/classification , Dog Diseases/pathology , Mastocytosis, Cutaneous/pathology , Mastocytosis, Cutaneous/veterinary , Animals , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dogs , Mastocytosis, Cutaneous/classification , Mastocytosis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Observer Variation , Prognosis , Reproducibility of Results
7.
Avian Dis ; 47(4): 1393-8, 2003.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14708987

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this experiment was to characterize a lesion of the rhamphotheca associated with tryptophan (TIRP) deficiency, search for other histological abnormalities,and determine whether bird size and housing conditions are contributing factors to these lesions. Day-old broiler chicks (Ross X Ross 308) were placed in either floor pens with fresh pine shavings or Petersime battery brooders with two pens of 10 chicks each per treatment. Broiler chicks from 0 to 21 days of age were fed adequate (0.24%) and deficient (0.09%) levels of TRP in diets based on corn, corn gluten meal, and gelatin. Separate groups of control chicks were pair fed daily with the deficient chicks. Deficient chicks grew less efficiently than did the pair-fed controls. Upon gross examination, a lesion of the maxillary rhamphotheca in the vicinity of the nares was observed in 61% of TRP-deficient birds housed in the battery and 13% of the birds housed in floor pens. A similar gross lesion was only observed in one control bird. These lesions were located along the upper portion of the beak between the nares and appeared as a crusty or scab-like area on gross examination, composed of detritus, heterophils, and plasma protein. Inflammation occasionally was observed at the dermoepidermal junction. The incidence of lesions was reduced in floor pens compared to battery brooders, but similarly sized birds did not exhibit the lesion. The number of lesions seen grossly and histologically in TRP-deficient birds, as compared to control birds, supports the hypothesis that TRP deficiency is the primary cause of these lesions around the nares of broilers. Secondary environmental factors, perhaps coprophagy, also influence the incidence of the lesion.


Subject(s)
Deficiency Diseases/veterinary , Diet , Poultry Diseases/pathology , Tryptophan/deficiency , Animal Feed , Animals , Body Constitution , Chickens , Deficiency Diseases/pathology , Maxilla/pathology
8.
J Vet Diagn Invest ; 13(3): 270-2, 2001 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11482611

ABSTRACT

Hepatic hyaline globules, similar to those reported in some human livers, were observed in liver tissue from an Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus). The cytoplasmic inclusions were periodic acid-Schiff positive and diastase resistant and failed to stain by acid-fast or Congo red techniques. Ultrastructurally, the hepatic globules were composed of granular amorphous material with small peripheral striations that extended into the cytoplasm.


Subject(s)
Hyalin , Liver Diseases/veterinary , Parrots , Animals , Liver/cytology , Liver/pathology , Liver Diseases/pathology , Male
9.
J Vet Diagn Invest ; 13(4): 365-8, 2001 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11478615

ABSTRACT

Adenovirus infections are documented in at least 12 different species of reptiles. In contrast to their mammalian and avian counterparts reptilian adenoviruses are not well characterized as to their pathogenic potential and their ability to cause primary disease. In the diagnostic setting, fresh tissues are often not available for virus isolation, and the confirmation of reptilian adenovirus infections is dependent largely upon electron microscopy for the identification of intranuclear viral inclusions associated with histopathologic changes. The diagnosis of adenovirus infection in 2 different species of snake was confirmed by the application of DNA in situ hybridization. Using an aviadenovirus specific oligoprobe, adenoviral DNA was observed in the nuclei of hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, and enterocytes. Electron microscopy of the liver confirmed the presence of intranuclear viral particles morphologically consistent with an adenovirus. DNA in situ hybridization on formalin-fixed tissues can serve as a suitable alternative to electron microscopy in the diagnosis of reptilian adenovirus infections. Both affected snakes had other concurrent diseases, suggesting that the adenovirus may not have been the primary pathogen.


Subject(s)
Adenoviridae Infections/veterinary , Adenoviridae/genetics , DNA, Viral/analysis , In Situ Hybridization/veterinary , Reptiles/virology , Adenoviridae/pathogenicity , Adenoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Animals , Base Sequence , DNA Probes , Liver/pathology , Liver/virology , Microscopy, Electron , Molecular Sequence Data
10.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev ; (1): CD001289, 2001.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11279712

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis is predominantly an acquired disease process representing the end stage of a variety of unrelated pulmonary insults. It is defined as a persistent irreversible dilatation and distortion of medium-sized bronchi. Patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis frequently have difficulty exporating the infected sputum. Mucolytic agents target hyper-secretion or changed physiochemical properties of sputum to make it easier to clear. One drug, recombinant human DNase, breaks down the DNA that is released at the site of infection by neutrophils. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effects of ingested or inhaled mucolytics in people with bronchiectasis. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group trials register, reference lists of relevant articles. We also contacted experts in the field and drug companies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials of mucolytic treatment in people with bronchiectasis but not cystic fibrosis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Study authors were contacted for confirmation. MAIN RESULTS: Three trials were included, but none of their data could be aggregated in a meta analysis. Compared to placebo, high doses of bromhexine with antibiotics eased difficulty in expectoration (weighted mean difference -0.53, 95% confidence interval -0.81 to -0.25 at 16 days). There was also a reduction in sputum production with bromhexine (weighted mean difference -21.5%, 95% confidence interval -38.9 to -4.1 % at day 16). Compared to placebo, recombinant human DNase showed no difference in forced expiratory volume or forced vital capacity in one study and was reported to have a significant negative effect on forced expiratory volume in another study. Adverse effects, including influenza-like symptoms, were more common in the group receiving recombinant human DNase. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to evaluate the routine use of mucolytics for bronchiectasis. High doses of bromhexine coupled with antibiotics may help with sputum production and clearance.


Subject(s)
Bronchiectasis/drug therapy , Expectorants/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bromhexine/therapeutic use , Deoxyribonucleases/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
11.
J Vet Diagn Invest ; 13(1): 57-62, 2001 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11243364

ABSTRACT

Congenital tremors (CT) type A2 is associated with porcine circovirus (PCV) and deficient and abnormal myelin. The aim of this study was to determine the tissue distribution and genetic type of PCV in 1-2-day-old pigs with naturally occurring CT type A2 using in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and indirect fluorescent antibody tests on frozen tissue sections. CT-affected and clinically normal pigs were selected from 4 farms in the midwestern USA that were undergoing outbreaks of CT type A2. All CT and most normal pigs were infected with PCV. PCV was widely distributed in tissues of infected pigs and was most common in tissues of the central nervous system and liver. In all infected pigs, there were more PCV-infected cells in brain and spinal cord than in nonneural tissues. CT pigs had many more PCV-infected cells in the brain and spinal cord than did clinically normal pigs because of a more diffuse distribution and a larger proportion of infected cells. The cells most commonly infected with PCV in brain and spinal cord were large neurons. In nonneural tissues, macrophages were the most frequent cell type infected. PCR analysis demonstrated only PCV type 2 and not PCV type 1 in all PCV-infected pigs on all 4 farms.


Subject(s)
Circoviridae Infections/veterinary , Circovirus/genetics , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Swine Diseases/virology , Tremor/veterinary , Animals , Central Nervous System/virology , Circoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Circoviridae Infections/genetics , Circovirus/isolation & purification , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , In Situ Hybridization/veterinary , Macrophages/virology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Swine , Swine Diseases/genetics , Tremor/congenital , Tremor/virology
12.
Vet Pathol ; 38(1): 74-82, 2001 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11199167

ABSTRACT

Eight-week-old BALB/c mice were either sham inoculated (control mice) or were inoculated intraperitoneally (IP) and intranasally (IN) with a single (sPCV mice) or multiple (mPCV mice) doses of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). Four control mice and 4 sPCV mice were sacrificed 7, 14, 28, and 42 days postinoculation (PI). All 4 mPCV mice were sacrificed 42 days PI. In addition, 7-day and 14-day pregnant BALB/c mice were either sham inoculated (control mice) or were inoculated IP and IN with a single dose of PCV2. Newborn mice were euthanatized 1, 8, and 15 days after birth. Necropsies were performed on all euthanatized mice and tissues were collected for histopathology, electron microscopy, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCV2 replicated in 8-week-old BALB/c mice that were inoculated with PCV2 and caused fetal infection when inoculated into pregnant BALB/c mice at 7 days and 14 days of gestation. PCV was detected by in situ hybridization and PCR in sPCV mice on days 7, 14, 28, and 42 PI; in mPCV mice on day 42 PI; and in newborn mice from mothers inoculated with PCV at 7 days and 14 days of gestation at 1, 8, and 15 days after birth, but not in control mice. No clinical signs or gross lesions were found in sPCV or mPCV mice during the study. Microscopic lesions in sPCV mice and mPCV mice were characterized by expansion of germinal centers in lymphoid organs with large numbers of histiocytic cells and lymphoblasts, apoptosis of histiocytic cells in germinal centers, and mild lymphoid depletion of the paracortex. PCV nucleic acid was detected in the nuclei and cytoplasm of histiocytes and apoptotic cells in germinal centers in lymphoid tissues as well as in the nuclei of hepatocytes in the liver, in the nuclei of renal tubular epithelial cells, and in the cytoplasm of single lymphocytes in the thymus. Congenitally infected mice only had PCV nucleic acid detected in putative Kupffer cells in livers.


Subject(s)
Circoviridae Infections/veterinary , Circovirus/physiology , Swine Diseases/virology , Virus Replication , Wasting Syndrome/veterinary , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Circoviridae Infections/pathology , Circoviridae Infections/transmission , Circoviridae Infections/virology , Circovirus/genetics , Circovirus/immunology , DNA, Viral/chemistry , DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Disease Models, Animal , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel/veterinary , Female , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinary , In Situ Hybridization/veterinary , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/veterinary , Liver/pathology , Liver/virology , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Lymph Nodes/virology , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Microscopy, Electron , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Pregnancy , Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms , Spleen/pathology , Spleen/virology , Swine , Swine Diseases/pathology , Swine Diseases/transmission , Thymus Gland/pathology , Thymus Gland/virology , Wasting Syndrome/pathology , Wasting Syndrome/virology
13.
J Zoo Wildl Med ; 32(3): 360-5, 2001 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12785686

ABSTRACT

An adult male Boelen's python, Morelia boeleni, presented with acute neurologic disease and was euthanatized. Histologic examination revealed nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis. Occasional eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions were noted in glial cells. On the basis of clinical signs and histopathology, inclusion body disease of boid snakes was suspected, but inclusions were not seen in other organs commonly affected with the disease. Moreover, electron microscopy revealed that the inclusions contained stacks of filaments 13-14 nm wide. With the use of a generic paramyxovirus cDNA probe, sections of brain and esophageal ganglion demonstrated hybridization. The findings indicate that paramyxovirus was the likely cause of the encephalomyelitis in this python, and this virus should be included in the differential diagnosis of pythons exhibiting central nervous system disease.


Subject(s)
Boidae , Brain/pathology , Meningoencephalitis/veterinary , Respirovirus Infections/veterinary , Respirovirus/isolation & purification , Animals , Brain/ultrastructure , Brain/virology , DNA Probes , Inclusion Bodies, Viral/ultrastructure , Male , Meningoencephalitis/pathology , Meningoencephalitis/virology , Respirovirus/genetics , Respirovirus/ultrastructure , Respirovirus Infections/pathology , Respirovirus Infections/virology
14.
J Vet Diagn Invest ; 12(6): 573-6, 2000 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11108462

ABSTRACT

A boa constrictor was submitted for postmortem evaluation. At necropsy, there were no substantial lesions except in the liver. Light microscopy revealed severe multifocal to coalescing coagulative necrotic hepatitis, with basophilic and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in hepatocytes within the necrotic foci. The histopathological findings suggested a viral hepatitis. An adenoviral infection was diagnosed by means of transmission electronic microscopy and in situ hybridization techniques.


Subject(s)
Adenoviridae Infections/veterinary , Adenoviridae/isolation & purification , Boidae , Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/pathology , Liver/pathology , Adenoviridae Infections/pathology , Animals , Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/virology , In Situ Hybridization , Liver/ultrastructure , Liver/virology , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Necrosis
15.
Avian Dis ; 44(2): 470-8, 2000.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10879931

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the signs, clinical pathology, and postmortem findings in 14 young African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus) that were naturally infected with psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) virus (psittacine circovirus). All but two of the parrots had severe leukopenia at clinical presentation. Two other parrots also had severe anemia. All birds died within 3 wk after presentation. Postmortem examination documented liver necrosis in 11 of 14 birds and secondary bacterial or fungal infections in 9 of 14 birds. Tests for Chlamydia psittaci, polyomavirus, and Salmonella sp. were negative. PBFD viral infection could be demonstrated in all birds by polymerase chain reaction. Supporting evidence of PBFD viral infection was gathered by histologic examination of the bursa of Fabricius, electron microscopy, and DNA in situ hybridization. Electron microscopic examination of both the bursa of Fabricius and liver revealed virus particles resembling circovirus. DNA in situ hybridization of six liver tissue samples confirmed the presence of PBFD virus and excluded the presence of avian polyomavirus. Our findings suggest that a specific presentation of peracute PBFD viral infection, characterized by severe leukopenia, anemia, or pancytopenia and liver necrosis in the absence of feather and beak abnormalities, may occur in young African grey parrots.


Subject(s)
Bird Diseases/pathology , Circoviridae Infections/veterinary , Leukopenia/veterinary , Parrots , Animals , Circoviridae Infections/pathology , Circovirus , Fatal Outcome , Leukopenia/pathology , Liver/pathology , Microscopy, Electron/veterinary
16.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev ; (2): CD001289, 2000.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10796636

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis is usually characterised by the production of large quantities of sputum that patients frequently have difficulty in expectorating. Mucolytic agents target hyper-secretion or changed physiochemical properties of sputum to make it easier to clear. One drug, recombinant human DNase, breaks down the DNA that is released at the site of infection by neutrophils. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effects of ingested or inhaled mucolytics in patients with bronchiectasis. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group trials register, reference lists of relevant articles. We also contacted experts in the field and drug companies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials of mucolytic treatment in people with bronchiectasis but not cystic fibrosis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Study authors were contacted for confirmation. MAIN RESULTS: Two trials were included. In one study, compared to placebo, high doses of bromhexine combined with antibiotics eased difficulty in expectoration (weighted mean difference -0.53, 95% confidence interval -0.81 to -0.25 at 16 days). There was also a reduction in sputum production with bromhexine (weighted mean difference -21.5%, 95% confidence interval -38.9 to -4.1 at day 16). There was no difference in forced expiratory volume. In a second study, compared to placebo, recombinant human DNase showed no difference in forced expiratory volume or forced vital capacity. Adverse effects, including influenza-like symptoms, were more common in the group receiving recombinant human DNase. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to evaluate the routine use of mucolytics for bronchiectasis. High doses of bromhexine coupled with antibiotics may help with sputum production and clearance.


Subject(s)
Bronchiectasis/drug therapy , Expectorants/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bromhexine/therapeutic use , Deoxyribonucleases/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
17.
J Wildl Dis ; 36(2): 378-82, 2000 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10813623

ABSTRACT

Small multifocal lesions of proliferative pododermatitis were observed in an emaciated adult male northern gannet (Morus bassanus). Ultrastructurally, these lesions were associated with numerous virus-like particles with a size and morphology suggestive of Papovaviridae. DNA in situ hybridization with probes for avian polyomaviral and papillomaviral nucleic acid and an immunohistochemical test for the presence of papillomaviral antigen failed to identify this virus further. To our knowledge, papovavirus-like particles have not been recognized previously in this avian species.


Subject(s)
Bird Diseases/virology , Dermatitis/veterinary , Foot Dermatoses/veterinary , Skin Diseases, Viral/veterinary , Virion/ultrastructure , Animals , Bird Diseases/pathology , Birds , DNA, Viral/analysis , Dermatitis/pathology , Dermatitis/virology , Epidermis/pathology , Epidermis/ultrastructure , Epidermis/virology , Foot Dermatoses/pathology , Foot Dermatoses/virology , In Situ Hybridization/veterinary , Male , Microscopy, Electron/veterinary , Papillomaviridae/classification , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Papillomaviridae/ultrastructure , Papillomavirus Infections/pathology , Papillomavirus Infections/veterinary , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Polyomaviridae , Skin Diseases, Viral/pathology , Skin Diseases, Viral/virology , Virion/classification , Virion/genetics
18.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 215(4): 497-500, 482, 1999 Aug 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10461632

ABSTRACT

Bobcats (Lynx rufus) are the reservoir hosts for Cytauxzoon felis, the causative agent of cytauxzoonosis. Cytauxzoonosis is a highly fatal tickborne blood protozoal disease of domestic and exotic cats. Treatment of clinically affected cats has generally been unrewarding. In our report, 6 of 7 cats had signs of illness and laboratory findings indicative of cytauxzoonosis and were successfully treated with 2 i.m. injections of diminazene aceturate or imidocarb dipropionate (2 mg/kg [0.9 mg/lb] of body weight, each). One cat died after the first injection of diminazene. Additional treatment with isotonic fluids i.v. and heparin s.c. were used as supportive care for dehydration and disseminated intravascular coagulation that were detected by laboratory testing between diminazene or imidocarb treatments. Atropine was effective in recovery and preventing adverse reactions associated with imidocarb treatment of 1 cat.


Subject(s)
Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Cat Diseases/drug therapy , Diminazene/analogs & derivatives , Hematologic Diseases/veterinary , Imidocarb/analogs & derivatives , Piroplasmida , Protozoan Infections, Animal , Animals , Antiprotozoal Agents/administration & dosage , Blood/parasitology , Blood Transfusion/veterinary , Body Temperature , Cat Diseases/parasitology , Cats , Diminazene/administration & dosage , Diminazene/therapeutic use , Erythrocyte Count/veterinary , Hematocrit/veterinary , Hematologic Diseases/drug therapy , Hematologic Diseases/parasitology , Heparin/therapeutic use , Imidocarb/administration & dosage , Imidocarb/therapeutic use , Injections, Intramuscular/veterinary , Isotonic Solutions/therapeutic use , Leukocyte Count/veterinary , Male , Piroplasmida/drug effects , Protozoan Infections/drug therapy , Urinalysis/veterinary
19.
J Comp Pathol ; 120(1): 59-78, 1999 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10098016

ABSTRACT

Fifteen pigs from five farms on which there had been a previous clinical and histopathological diagnosis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) were investigated. At necropsy, enlargement of lymph nodes was the most obvious lesion; other lesions were non-collapsed lungs, ulceration of the gastric pars oesophagica, and cranioventral pulmonary consolidation. Microscopical lesions attributable to PMWS were found in lymphoid organs (including lymph nodes, tonsil, Peyer's patches and spleen), liver, kidney and lungs. Varying degrees of lymphocellular depletion, affecting both lymphoid follicles and parafollicular zones, and progressive multifocal to diffuse infiltration of lymphoid tissue by large histiocytic cells were the characteristic lesions. Syncytial cells were seen frequently, especially in lymphoid organs. A prominent finding was the presence of sharply demarcated, spherical, basophilic, cytoplasmic inclusions in histiocytic cells. The lymphoid lesions were suggestive of immunosuppression. Non-lymphoid lesions included interstitial pneumonia, periportal mononuclear inflammatory infiltration of the liver in varying degrees, and interstitial nephritis. Porcine circovirus (PCV) antigen and nucleic acid were regularly found in lymphoid organs, lung, liver and, to a lesser degree, kidney. Target cells for PCV replication included monocyte/macrophage lineage and antigen-presenting cells. To a lesser extent, epithelial cells such as renal tubular, bronchial and bronchiolar cells, endothelial cells, hepatocytes and lymphocytes were also labelled. One pig did not show PCV nucleic acid; sequence differences among different viral isolates are discussed as the probable cause of this lack of labelling by the in-situ hybridization PCV-specific probe.


Subject(s)
Circoviridae Infections/veterinary , Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/pathology , Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus , Animals , Antigens, Viral/analysis , Cells, Cultured , Circoviridae Infections/pathology , Circovirus/immunology , DNA, Viral/analysis , Immunohistochemistry , In Situ Hybridization/veterinary , Liver/pathology , Liver/virology , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Lymph Nodes/virology , Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/immunology , Swine
20.
Avian Pathol ; 28(4): 345-8, 1999 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26905490

ABSTRACT

A 3 cm diameter mass from the metacarpus of a Puerto Rican Amazon parrot was diagnosed as a granular cell tumour based on light microscopy. The cytoplasmic granules were periodic-acid Schiff positive and diastase resistant. Ultrastructural characteristics of the cells included convoluted nuclei and the presence of numerous cytoplasmic tertiary lysosomes. This is only the second granular cell tumour reported in a bird. We speculate that most granular cell tumours are derived from cells that are engaged in some type of cellular degradative process, creating a similar morphologic appearance, but lacking a uniform histogenesis.

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