ABSTRACT
This paper describes a low-cost easily constructed and readily portable "lock-out system" suitable for college bowl and related quiz games. Suggestions on how to use the device are presented.
Subject(s)
Competitive Behavior , Equipment Design , Equipment and Supplies , Games, Experimental , HumansABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the support of occlusal enamel by amalgam (Dispersalloy), bonded amalgam (AmalgamBond Plus adhesive system with high-performance additive powder and Dispersalloy amalgam), and a bonded resin composite (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose adhesive system and Z100 resin composite). METHOD AND MATERIALS: For each material, 16 human molars were prepared. The lingual cusps were removed, and the dentin supporting the facial cusps was cut away, leaving a shell of enamel. Each group of prepared teeth was restored using the materials according to manufacturers' instructions. All specimens were thermocycled (1,500 cycles, 6 degrees C to 60 degrees C, dwell time 30 seconds), then mounted vertically in cast stone. A separating disk, mounted horizontally, was used to create a flat horizontal surface approximately 1.5 mm wide at the tips of both remaining enamel cusps of each specimen. Specimens were loaded evenly across the cusp tips at a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min until the fracture occurred. RESULTS: Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey A post hoc analysis. No significant difference was detected among amalgam, bonded amalgam, and bonded resin composite in their ability to support occlusal enamel. Support provided for occlusal enamel by the materials, whether bonded or not, was intermediate between no support and that provided by dentin. CONCLUSION: Without further development of materials technology and evidence of efficacy, restorative materials should not be relied upon to support undermined occlusal enamel.
Subject(s)
Dental Enamel/physiology , Dental Materials/chemistry , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Silicon Dioxide , Zirconium , Analysis of Variance , Composite Resins/chemistry , Dental Alloys/chemistry , Dental Amalgam/chemistry , Dental Bonding , Dental Caries/physiopathology , Dental Cavity Preparation , Dental Stress Analysis/instrumentation , Dentin , Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry , Humans , Methacrylates/chemistry , Molar , Resin Cements/chemistry , Statistics as Topic , Stress, Mechanical , Temperature , Thermodynamics , Time Factors , Tooth Fractures/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Ferritin has been administered in immediately bioavailable solution form, and in solid form, with exclusively duodenal bioavailability, to two groups of patients suffering from sideropenic dyserythropoietic anaemia. The results obtained point to a significant stimulating action on erythropoiesis documented by the increase in reticulocytes and red cells. This increase is certainly relatable to the increase of available iron and to its incorporation in the erythrocytes, as demonstrated by the increase in ferritinaemia, sideraemia, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglocbin concentration. The data obtained showed the bioavailable fluid form to be more active than the solid.
