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1.
Clin Neuropharmacol ; 23(4): 216-8, 2000.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11020127

ABSTRACT

Neurologic manifestations of HIV infection are quite diverse and can develop into seizures. Because new drug therapies have been developed, it is important to know the interactions between antiretroviral and antiepileptic agents. A 36-year-old patient with HIV developed a set of progressive left hemiparesis and secondarily generalized partial seizures related to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Phenytoin and carbamazepine were necessary to control the seizures. Instead of diverse antiretroviral therapies, the viral load was increased. Protease inhibitors (ritonavir and saquinavir) were added to the treatment and the patient developed progressive ataxia related to carbamazepine toxicity. Carbamazepine was discontinued and the patient remained asymptomatic. The patient was diagnosed with carbamazepine toxicity related to the introduction of ritonavir. Ritonavir is a potent inhibitor of hepatic cytochrome P450, mainly the CYP3A4 isoform. Carbamazepine is metabolized by this subsystem. Ritonavir acted as a CYP3A4 inhibitor, diminishing carbamazepine metabolism and provoking an increase in serum levels and clinical toxicity. We present a case of interaction between ritonavir and carbamazepine. Interaction between antiepileptic and antiretroviral agents is an emergent problem caused by the increasing association of the two therapies. We recommend strict monitoring of serum antiepileptic drug (AED) levels to avoid toxicity and inadequate seizure control.


Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Carbamazepine/adverse effects , HIV Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects , Ritonavir/adverse effects , Adult , Anticonvulsants/pharmacokinetics , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Carbamazepine/pharmacokinetics , Carbamazepine/therapeutic use , Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Drug Interactions , Epilepsies, Partial/drug therapy , HIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Humans , Male , Mixed Function Oxygenases/metabolism , Paresis/drug therapy , Ritonavir/pharmacokinetics , Time Factors
2.
Anál. clín ; 25(1): 25-32, ene. 2000. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-14690

ABSTRACT

La medida de la concentración de la homocisteína total en plasma es de gran utilidad como marcador de riesgo cardiovascular. Las técnicas convencionales para su medición plasmática están basadas en métodos de HPLC, aunque últimamente se han desarrollado técnicas de inmunoensayo. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue establecer un procedimiento rápido y exacto de cromatografía de intercambio iónico para determinar la homocisteína total en plasma en un analizador convencional de aminoácidos, utilizando ninhidrina como reactivo de detección. Asimismo, hemos establecido el intervalo de referencia para la homocisteína y metionina en plasma en una población de adultos sanos. Los coeficientes de variación intra e interserie oscilaron entre 1,6 y 4,6 por ciento. El límite de detección obtenido fue de 0,75 micromol/L. La media de las recuperaciones obtenidas fue de 98,5 +/- 5,2 para la homocisteína y de 101,7 +/- 4,6 para la homocisteína. El intervalo de referencia establecido para la población de adultos sanos (120 controles de edad media: 44,7+/- 12,4) fue de 3,13 a 12,01 micromol/L para la concentración plasmática de homocisteína y de 14,16 a 33,08 micromol/L para la metionina (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Homocysteine/blood , Chromatography, Ion Exchange/methods , Ninhydrin , Indicators and Reagents , Case-Control Studies , Reference Values , Statistics, Nonparametric , Reproducibility of Results
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