ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Several recent clinical studies revealed an accumulation of ceramide in bronchial epithelial cells of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Degradation of ceramide concentrations in lungs of CF patients employing the functional acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitriptyline revealed a benefit in lung function, weight and exacerbation rates. METHODS: To test for a beneficial effect of amitriptyline in vivo, we performed two phase II randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. CF patients were treated with 25 mg amitriptyline twice daily, i.e. a total dose of 50 mg/d. After those two studies part of the patients used amitriptyline in an off-lable-use for routine treatment. These patients were observed after one, two and three years after continuous use of amitriptyline and were matched with those patients who were not treated. These patients were used as a control group. RESULTS: After one year of treatment, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec predicted (FEV1) increased significantly by 7.6±7.0%, p=<0.001, and weight increased by 2.1±2.3kg, p=<0.001 in the amitriptyline population (n=20), whereas FEV1 decreased significantly in the control group by 1.8±3.3%, p=0.010, and weight increased by 1.1±2.7kg, p=0.010 (n=14). After two years of treatment, FEV1 increased significantly by 5.6±10.3%, p=0.009, and weight increased by 3.6±2.9kg, p=<0.001 in the amitriptyline population (n=12). In contrast, FEV1 decreased in the control group by 2.1±3.7%, p=0.051 and weight increased by only 0.4±2.9kg, p=0.31 (n=10). After three years of treatment, FEV1 increased significantly by 7.7±8%, p=0.050, and weight increased by 7.3±3.8kg, p=0.016, in the amitriptyline population (n=5), whereas FEV1 decreased in the control group by 1.0±1.3%, p=0.075 and weight increased by 0.4±1.5kg, p=0.29 (n=5). CONCLUSION: Amitriptyline significantly increases FEV1, reduces ceramide in lung cells and increases weight of CF patients.
Subject(s)
Amitriptyline/therapeutic use , Ceramides/metabolism , Cystic Fibrosis/drug therapy , Forced Expiratory Volume/drug effects , Lung/drug effects , Adult , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use , Body Weight/drug effects , Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic , Cystic Fibrosis/metabolism , Cystic Fibrosis/physiopathology , Double-Blind Method , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lung/metabolism , Lung/physiopathology , Male , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/methods , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Several recent studies revealed an accumulation of ceramide in bronchial, tracheal and intestinal epithelial cells of mice and patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Normalization of ceramide concentrations in lungs of CF mice employing the functional acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitriptyline also normalized mucociliary clearance, chronic inflammation and infection susceptibility to pulmonary P. aeruginosa in these mice. METHODS: To test for a beneficial effect of amitriptyline in vivo, we performed a phase IIb randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Twenty-one CF patients were treated with 25 mg/d amitriptyline twice daily for 28 days. The placebo consisted of 19 patients and was also treated twice per day. The primary endpoint was the change in lung function in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. Secondary endpoints were ceramide levels in epithelial cells and safety. RESULTS: After treatment, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec predicted (FEV1) increased 6.3 ± 11.5% (p=0.08) in the ITT population (36 of 40 CF patients) and 8.5 ± 10% (p=0.013) in the per protocol (PP) population (29 of 40 patients). Ceramide levels decreased in nasal epithelial cells after amitriptyline treatment. Amitriptyline had no severe and only mild and mostly transient adverse effects, i.e. xerostomia and tiredness. CONCLUSION: Amitriptyline is safe in CF-patients, increases FEV1 and reduces ceramide in lung cells of CF patients.
