Obstructive sleep apnea and pulmonary function in patients with severe obesity before and after bariatric surgery: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of obesity in both developed and developing countries is one of the most serious public health problems and has led to a global epidemic. Obesity is one of the greatest risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is found in 60 to 70% of obese patients mainly due to the buildup of fat tissue in the upper portion of the thorax and neck. The aim of the present randomized clinical trial is to assess daytime sleepiness, sleep architecture and pulmonary function in patients with severe obesity before and after bariatric surgery. METHODS: This randomized, controlled trial, was designed, conducted, and reported in accordance with the standards of The CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) Statement. Patients were divided into a bariatric surgery group and control group. The clinical evaluation was performed at the Sleep Laboratory of the Nove de JulhoUniversity (Sao Paulo, Brazil) and consisted of the collection of clinical data, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), measurements of neck and abdomen circumferences, spirometry, maximum ventilatory pressure measurements, standard overnight polysomnography (PSG) and the administration of the Berlin Questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients participated in the present study and performed PSG. Out of these, 16 underwent bariatric surgery. After surgery, mean BMI decreased from 48.15 ± 8.58 to 36.91 ± 6.67 Kg/m(2). Significant differences were found between the preoperative and postoperative periods regarding neck (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p < 0.001), maximum inspiratory pressure (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004) and maximum expiratory pressure (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002) for women and men, respectively, as well as sleep stage N3 (p < 0.001), REM sleep (p = 0.049) and the apnea-hypopnea index (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery effectively reduces neck and waist circumference, increases maximum ventilatory pressures, enhances sleep architecture and reduces respiratory sleep disorders, specifically obstructive sleep apnea, in patients with severe obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: THE PROTOCOL FOR THIS STUDY WAS REGISTERED WITH THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (UNIVERSAL TRIAL NUMBER: U1111-1121-8873) and Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials - ReBEC (RBR-9k9hhv).

Changes in quality of life after short and long term follow-up of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity.

CONTEXT: It is unclear whether health-related quality of life (HRQL) is sustained in a long-term follow-up of morbidly obese patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Objective This study aims to analyze the HRQL changes following RYGB in short and long-term follow-up. METHODS: We compared the health-related quality of life among three separate patient groups, using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Group A - 50 preoperative morbidly obese patients; Group B - 50 RYGB patients 1-2 years post-surgery; Group C - 50 RYGB patients more than 7 years post-surgery. RESULTS: The groups were similar for gender, age and body mass index before surgery. We observed that physical functioning, social function, emotional role functioning and mental health scales did not vary between the three groups. The physical role functioning scale was unchanged in the short-term and decreased compared to the preoperative scale in the long-term follow-up. Bodily pain improved after the operation but returned to the initial level after 7 years. The vitality and general health perceptions improved after the operation and maintained these results after 7 years compared with the preoperative perceptions. CONCLUSIONS: RYGB improved health-related quality of life in three SF-36 domains (bodily pain, general health perceptions and vitality) in the short-term and two SF-36 domains (general health perceptions and vitality) in the long-term.

Changes in qualtty of life after short and longterm follow-up of roux-en-y gasstric bypass for morbid obesity / Alteracoes da qualidade de vida no seguimento a curto e longo prazos de individuos obesos morbidos submetidos a derivacao gastrica com Y de Roux

Context It is unclear whether health-related quality of life (HRQL) is sustained in a long-term follow-up of morbidly obese patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Objective This study aims to analyze the HRQL changes following RYGB in short and long-term follow-up. Methods We compared the health-related quality of life among three separate patient groups, using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Group A - 50 preoperative morbidly obese patients; Group B - 50 RYGB patients 1-2 years post-surgery; Group C - 50 RYGB patients more than 7 years post-surgery. Results The groups were similar for gender, age and body mass index before surgery. We observed that physical functioning, social function, emotional role functioning and mental health scales did not vary between the three groups. The physical role functioning scale was unchanged in the short-term and decreased compared to the preoperative scale in the long-term follow-up. Bodily pain improved after the operation but returned to the initial level after 7 years. The vitality and general health perceptions improved after the operation and maintained these results after 7 years compared with the preoperative perceptions. Conclusions RYGB improved health-related quality of life in three SF-36 domains (bodily pain, general health perceptions and vitality) in the short-term and two SF-36 domains (general health perceptions and vitality) in the long-term. .

Contexto Ainda não está claro se as melhorias na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde se sustentam no acompanhamento a longo prazo de pacientes obesos mórbidos que se submetem a derivação gástrica com Y de Roux (RYGB). Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as alterações na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde no acompanhamento a curto e longo prazos de obesos mórbidos submetidos a RYGB. Métodos Foram comparados aspectos da qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde entre os três grupos distintos de pacientes, usando o questionário 36-Item Health Survey Short-Form (SF-36). Grupo A - 50 pacientes obesos mórbidos no pré-operatório, Grupo B - 50 pacientes submetidos à RYGB 1-2 anos pós-cirurgia e, Grupo C - 50 pacientes submetidos à RYGB há mais de 7 anos. Resultados Os grupos comparados eram semelhantes quanto ao sexo, idade e índice de massa corporal antes da cirurgia. Quanto aos aspectos componentes do questionário SF-36, observou-se que capacidade funcional, aspectos social e emocional e saúde mental não variaram quando se comparou os resultados dos três grupos. Quanto ao componente aspectos físicos, observou-se que permaneceu inalterado na avaliação de curto prazo e piorou em comparação aos valores obtidos no pré-operatório no seguimento a longo prazo. O componente dor corporal melhorou após a operação, mas voltou para nível semelhante ao pré-operatório após 7 anos. Vitalidade e estado geral de saúde melhoraram após a operação e apresentaram manutenção destes resultados após 7 anos, em comparação com as percepções pré-operatórias. Conclusões RYGB melhorou a qualidade ...

Extended lymphadenectomy in esophageal cancer is debatable.

Surgery is an essential part of the treatment of patients with esophageal carcinoma. However, there is no consensus on whether the surgical technique can be improved to promote better survival outcome. Specifically, the real value of the addition of a radical lymphadenectomy to the esophageal resection is still elusive and controversial. This paper focuses on the debate of esophagectomy and lymphadenectomy for the treatment of esophageal cancer.

Comorbidities remission after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for morbid obesity is sustained in a long-term follow-up and correlates with weight regain.

BACKGROUND: Obesity-related comorbidities are treated by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) due to weight loss and intestinal hormone changes. Few studies report the evolution of these comorbidities in a long-term follow-up, especially if weight regain is present. This study aims to analyze: (1) the resolution of obesity-related comorbidities after RYGB in a long-term follow-up and (2) its relationship to weight regain. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 140 patients submitted to RYGB for morbid obesity for at least 5 years (mean follow-up 90 months). Mean body mass index (BMI) before operation was 52 kg/m(2), at nadir weight 29 kg/m(2), and at last follow-up 33 kg/m(2). The comorbidities diabetes, cardiovascular disease, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, arthropathy, and infertility were classified as resolved, improved, unchanged, and worsened at nadir weight that happened between the first and second year and after five or more years of surgery. For each comorbidity, we compared the changes in the distribution of patients in the categories and the correlation of it with weight loss at the nadir and final weight. RESULTS: BMI was significantly different in the three periods. Comorbidities resolution was sustained in a long-term follow-up for diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and infertility. Comorbidities status was directly related to the weight loss for all comorbidities except infertility. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that comorbidities remission after RYGB is sustained in a long-term follow-up. Weight regain is linked to worse results for all comorbidities except infertility.