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1.
Water Sci Technol ; 69(7): 1518-25, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24718345

ABSTRACT

In this study, a submerged aerated filter (SAF) using bottle caps as a support medium was evaluated. The system was fed with effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket system at ETE 2-South wastewater treatment plant, under different volumetric organic load rates (VOLRs). The population of a particular nitrifying microbial community was assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization with specific oligonucleotide probes. The system showed an average removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) equal to 76% for VOLRs between 2.6 and 13.6 kg COD m(-3)_media.day(-1). The process of nitrification in conjunction with the removal of organic matter was observed from applying VOLRs lower than 5.5 kg COD m(-3)_media.day(-1) resulting in 78% conversion of NH4(+)-N. As the applied organic load was reduced, an increase in the nitrifying bacteria population was observed compared with total 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stained cells. Generally, SAF using bottle caps as a biological aerated filter medium treating wastewater from an anaerobic system showed promising removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and conversion of NH4(+)-N.


Subject(s)
Filtration/instrumentation , Water Purification/instrumentation , Food Packaging , Nitrification , Organic Chemicals/isolation & purification , Pilot Projects
2.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 17(4): 385-392, out.-dez. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-669415

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho avalia o comportamento da água residuária de suinocultura, quanto aos seus efeitos no solo e na qualidade dos seus lixiviados. Na incubação do solo com efluente, foram utilizadas 48 unidades experimentais no total com taxas de aplicação de 0, 50, 100 e 150 m³.ha-1. O pH do solo e lixiviados após asdiferentes taxas de aplicação permaneceu ácido e os valores de amônia nos argissolos apresentaram valores menores do que no solo testemunha enquanto que nos nitossolos houve aumento em função das taxas de aplicação. A capacidade de troca catiônica aumentou com maior intensidade nos argissolos. A relação carbono/nitrogênio foi baixa evidenciando uma mineralização rápida dos resíduos orgânicos. Os valores de nitrato no primeiro lixiviado e de fósforo nos nitossolos foram maiores do que nos argissolos, em função da taxa de aplicação.


This study evaluates the behavior of swine effluent for their effects on soil and the quality of the leachate. In the incubation of soil with effluent were used 48 units in total with experimental application rates of 0, 50, 100 and 150 m³.ha-1. The soil pH and leached after the application of different rates remained acid and the values of ammonia in the argisols (Pax; Ultisol) showed minor values than in the witness soil while at the nitosols the values increased due to the application rates. The cation exchange capacity increased with greater intensity in argisols. The carbon/nitrogen relation was low showing a rapid mineralization of organic waste. The values of nitrate in leachate and the first of the phosphorus nitosol were higher than in the argisols, depending on the rate of application.

3.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 14(2): 215-222, abr.-jun. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-520306

ABSTRACT

A utilização de processos de membrana em Engenharia Ambiental tem expandido de forma significativa nos últimos anos e, tendo em vista a importância da possibilidade de otimização da sua operação com vistas à produção máxima de permeado em função do tempo, este trabalho teve por objetivo definir uma técnica de otimização da operação de sistemas de ultrafiltração mediante o estudo de ciclos de operação e lavagem. Os ensaios experimentais foram efetuados tendo-se empregado duas membranas de ultrafiltração com diferentes pesos moleculares de corte e, com base nos resultados experimentais, foi possível a proposição de um modelo matemático que permitiu a otimização da operação de sistemas de ultrafiltração, o que possibilitou o aumento da produção do volume de permeado em cerca de 14 por cento.


The utilization of membrane processes in Environmental Engineering has expanded significantly in the last few years. This paper had the primary objective of defining an optimization technique for ultrafiltration (UF) membrane operation by studying UF membrane operation and backwashing cycles. The main importance of UF operation optimization is to maximize permeation production as a function of time. Experimental tests were conducted with two UF membranes with different molecular weight cutoff. The experimental results led to the proposition of a mathematical model for the optimization of UF systems; such optimization conducted in practice to an increase of 14 percent in the permeate volume production.

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