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1.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 49(8): [e102044], nov.-dic. 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-228030

ABSTRACT

Los determinantes sociales de la salud influyen significativamente en el desarrollo y en la progresión de enfermedades crónicas como la diabetes tipo2 (DM2). Este artículo examina los determinantes sociales clave, incluidos la educación, la estabilidad económica, el vecindario, así como la procedencia, la raza o la religión, que afectan a las personas con DM2. También se explora el papel del género como determinante social, enfatizando la necesidad de consideraciones específicas de género en la gestión y en la investigación de la DM2. Además, se analiza el impacto de la pobreza en los resultados de salud, destacando la relación bidireccional entre pobreza y enfermedad. Las medidas integrales que abordan estos determinantes son cruciales para mejorar la salud y el bienestar de las personas con DM2. Abordar las desigualdades sociales a través de intervenciones específicas puede contribuir a mejores resultados de tratamiento y a una atención médica equitativa (AU)


Social determinants of health significantly influence the development and progression of chronic diseases such as type2 diabetes (T2DM). This article examines key social determinants including education, economic stability, neighborhood, and factors such as ethnicity, race, or religion that impact individuals with T2DM. The role of gender as a social determinant is also explored, emphasizing the need for gender-specific considerations in T2DM management and research. Additionally, the impact of poverty on health outcomes is analyzed, highlighting the bidirectional relationship between poverty and disease. Comprehensive measures addressing these determinants are crucial to improving the health and well-being of individuals with T2DM. Addressing social inequalities through targeted interventions can contribute to better treatment outcomes and equitable healthcare (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Social Determinants of Health , Health Vulnerability , Diabetes Mellitus
2.
Semergen ; 49(8): 102044, 2023.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37481793

ABSTRACT

Social determinants of health significantly influence the development and progression of chronic diseases such as type2 diabetes (T2DM). This article examines key social determinants including education, economic stability, neighborhood, and factors such as ethnicity, race, or religion that impact individuals with T2DM. The role of gender as a social determinant is also explored, emphasizing the need for gender-specific considerations in T2DM management and research. Additionally, the impact of poverty on health outcomes is analyzed, highlighting the bidirectional relationship between poverty and disease. Comprehensive measures addressing these determinants are crucial to improving the health and well-being of individuals with T2DM. Addressing social inequalities through targeted interventions can contribute to better treatment outcomes and equitable healthcare.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Social Determinants of Health , Humans , Socioeconomic Factors , Educational Status , Poverty
3.
Semergen ; 46(6): 415-424, 2020 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32094051

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (DM2) diagnosed in childhood and adolescence is currently increasing, and is characterised by a rapidly progressive decline in beta-cells and insulin resistance. Physical inactivity and obesity are the main risk factors for its development. Diagnostic criteria are similar to those used in adults, although HbA1c as a diagnostic method is questioned. Diabetes-related complications are more aggressive than in adults. Diabetic nephropathy is the most frequent complication in the young population and macrovascular complications appear early, leading to high mortality rates. Healthy lifestyles are the basis of the treatment, and metformin, insulin and liraglutide (approved by FDA for its use in the United States) are the pharmacological options indicated in this population. It is important to establish models of health care transition from paediatric to adult care to ensure continuity of care and avoid patient disengagements.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Transition to Adult Care , Adolescent , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy , Humans , Insulin , Metformin , Primary Health Care , United States , Young Adult
5.
J Hazard Mater ; 148(1-2): 6-14, 2007 Sep 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17049726

ABSTRACT

This is the second part of a master project on the chemistry of aluminium as coagulant in the treatment of highly polluted cork-process-wastewater. The main aim of this second part was to determine the influence of the operating conditions on the system's settleability parameters. It is well known that it is just as important to achieve good settleability parameters in the physico-chemical treatment of wastewaters as it is to attain a high level of decontamination. These parameters will determine the dimensions of the required equipment, and hence the costs of the installation. This part of the study therefore analyzes the influence of the different operating variables on the following settleability parameters: sediment volumetric percentage, settling velocity, sludge volume index and total suspended solids just after mixture with the coagulant. The ranges used for the experimental variables were: coagulant dose (83-166 mgL(-1) of Al(3+)), coagulation mixing time (5-30 min), stirring rate (60-300 rpm), contamination level of the wastewater (Wastewater II COD approximately 2000 mg O(2) L(-1), Wastewater III COD approximately 3000 mg O(2) L(-1)), and pH (5-11). The optimal conditions found for the settling process were not the same as those that had been determined for the organic matter removal. In this case the optimal conditions were: coagulation mixing time (30 min), stirring rate (60 rpm), coagulant dose (83 mgL(-1) of Al(3+)) and pH (7-9). Finally, the Talmadge-Fitch method is used to apply the results to the design of a clarifier-thickener unit to treat 2m(3)h(-1) of wastewater. The required minimum area of the unit would be 4.11 m(2).


Subject(s)
Alum Compounds , Industrial Waste/prevention & control , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods , Water Purification/methods
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