ABSTRACT
The paper describes an accelerated procedure for isolating enteric viruses and a scheme for evaluating the viral contamination of pure waters, which involves the concentration of the viruses from the great water volumes by means ofa MFM 0142 membrane module with tangential filtration through an electropositive membrane (MMK) with a pore size of 0.2 microm, followed eluent determination of RNA of viruses by RT-PCR in combination with coliphages or ICC by RT-PCR.
Subject(s)
DNA, Viral/analysis , Viruses/isolation & purification , Water Microbiology , Water Purification , Animals , Female , Macaca , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Viruses/geneticsABSTRACT
Hygienic standardization of soil sarin, soman, and Vx levels established the threshold and subthreshold concentrations of the agents from the general sanitary, translocational, and migratory water and migratory air safety indices. Substantiation of their maximum allowable concentrations (MAC), the limiting safety index is a migratory air index for soman and sarin and a migratory water index for Vx. Soil MACs of sarin, soman, and Vx are 2 x 10(-4), 1 x 10(-4), and 5 x 10(-5) mg/kg, respectively.
Subject(s)
Organoplatinum Compounds/analysis , Soil Pollutants/analysis , Soil/analysis , Environmental Illness/chemically induced , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Maximum Allowable Concentration , Organothiophosphorus Compounds/analysis , Sarin/analysis , Soman/analysisABSTRACT
The article is dedicated to present-day problems of sanitary-virologic monitoring of water with different degree of pollution. The authors assess some indirect indicators of viral contamination of water and present perfected methods of water monitoring such as PCR, OT-PCR, and OT-PCR integrated with tissue culture for detecting viral RNA and DNA.
Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring/methods , Environmental Monitoring/standards , Viruses/isolation & purification , Water Microbiology , Water Purification , Water/standards , Humans , RussiaABSTRACT
Quantitative relationships were studied between the indicators (common coliform bacteria (CCP), glucose-positive bacteria (GPB), thermoduric bacteria (TDB), coliform bacteria, enterococci, clostridia, coliphages) and the opportunistic (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, Klebsiella) and pathogenetic (Salmonella and intestinal viruses) microorganisms at the stages of effluent purification and decontamination, in processes of self-purification in the water reservoirs and of water preparation at water-supplying stations, as well as in the association with the incidence of acute intestinal infections of bacterial and viral genesis in different climatic zones of the country. Salmonella and the opportunistic bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to be highly resistant to detoxifying agents and environmental factors, adaptable, able to reproduce in pure water, to long survive in underground waters, and to accumulate when water is desalinated at the erections. The cases of intestinal infections were found in the population using the portable water of the standard quality in terms of E. coli, TDB, CCB, and enterococci. In this case only the wider integral index of GPB, which includes the indices of E. coli, TDB, CCB, as well as lactose-negative pathogenic and opportunistic species retains its sanitary significance in terms of all signs and is a reliable indicator of the potential epidemic hazard of drinking water use. Long-term studies have provided evidence for the sanitary value of coliphages as indicators of viral drinking water contamination.
