DFT Studies of the Photocatalytic Properties of MoS2-Doped Boron Nitride Nanotubes for Hydrogen Production.

This study investigated the photocatalytic properties of MoS2-doped boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) for overall water splitting using popular density functional theory (DFT). Calculations of the structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of the investigated systems were performed using both the generalized gradient approximation and the GW quasi-particle correction methods. In our calculations, it was observed that only (10, 10) and (12, 12) single-walled BNNTs (SWBNNTs) turned out to be stable toward MoS2 doping. Electronic property calculations revealed metallic behavior of (10, 10)-MoS2-doped SWBNNTs, while the band gap of (12, 12) SWBNNT was narrowed to 2.5 eV after MoS2 doping, which is within the obtained band gaps for other photocatalysts. Hence, MoS2 influences the conduction band of pure BNNT and improves its photocatalytic properties. The water-splitting photocatalytic behavior is found in (12, 12) MoS2-doped SWBNNT, which showed higher water oxidation (OH-/O2) and reduction (H+/H2) potentials. In addition, optical spectral calculations showed that MoS2-doped SWBNNT had an optical absorption edge of 2.6 eV and a higher absorption in the visible region. All of the studied properties confirmed MoS2-doped SWBNNT as a better candidate for next-generation photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution through the overall water-splitting process.

Optimizing sentiment analysis of Nigerian 2023 presidential election using two-stage residual long short term memory.

Sentiment analysis is the process of recognizing positive or negative attitudes in text. This technique makes use of computational linguistics, text analysis, and natural language processing. The 2023 presidential election in Nigeria is a significant event for the country, as it will determine the leader of the nation for the next four years. As such, it is important to understand the sentiment of the public towards the different candidates. In this research, we aimed to understand the sentiment of the public towards the three main candidates in the 2023 presidential election in Nigeria, Atiku, Tinubu, and Obi, by conducting a sentiment analysis on tweets related to the candidates. We used the long short-term memory (LSTM), peephole long short term memory (PLSTM), and two-stage residual long short-term memory (TSRLSTM) models to classify tweets as positive, neutral, or negative. Our dataset consisted of a large number of tweets that were preprocessed to remove noise and irrelevant information. Results showed that TSRLSTM performed excellently well in classifying the tweets and in identifying the sentiment towards each candidate individually. Our findings provide valuable insights into the public's opinion on the candidates and their campaign strategies, which can be useful for researchers, political analysts, and decision-makers. Our study highlights the importance of sentiment analysis in understanding public opinion and its potential applications in the field of political science.

Hepatotoxicity and ALAD Activity Profile for Prediction of NOAEL of Metal Welding Fumes in Albino Rats.

Metal fume pollutants of urban Kano, a city of over 10 million people, and widespread metal works have increased exposure with related health effects. Few data on metal fume toxicity and atmospheric levels have been documented in Nigeria and Kano in particular. Hence, the work was aimed at evaluating the metal fume toxicity to laboratory rat species for setting the permissible limit of exposure in urban Kano. The investigation involved the collection of metal welding fumes and subsequent laboratory analysis. Experimental animals were then exposed intratracheally to varying doses of the fumes which were equivalent to normal metal workers' daily routine of 2, 4, and 8 h for 3, 5, 10, and 20 years. Following euthanization, whole blood samples were collected and functions of liver and delta-aminolevunilic acid dehydratase were evaluated in the serum. Exposure to the fumes has caused significant mortality that was observed to be dose-dependent and statistically different (p < 0.05); moreover, the fumes had synergistically affected the functions of liver. In addition, the fumes had increased (statistically) the activity delta-aminolevinilic acid dehydratase. This has indicated that exposure to metal welding fumes being multi-elemental is toxic and had produced mortality at exposure to higher doses of metal welding fumes. It was therefore established from the study that no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for metal welding fumes is 25.73 mg with LD50 of 270 mg which corresponds to the metal worker's 4-h shifts daily for 5 years under existing working conditions. It was recommended that regular monitoring should be put in place to limit exposure and extent of engagement in metal works beyond NOAEL levels.

Diagnosis and management of adnexal masses in pregnancy.

Widespread use of ultrasound in early pregnancy has led to the detection of incidental adnexal masses more frequently. This article reviews the diagnosis and management options for adnexal masses in pregnancy. The availability of high-resolution ultrasound has made observation to be a viable option in some cases. However, for those masses suspicious of malignancy, at risk of torsion, rupture, or clinically symptomatic, surgical treatment is warranted. Laparoscopy has been successfully used in pregnancy and is safe in experienced and trained hands in properly equipped units.