Etude retrospective de la lithiase urinaire dans l'Hopital Hassan II de la province de Settat (Maroc)

Objectif: Cette etude epidemiologique de la lithiase urinaire est la premiere realisee au Maroc. Elle se propose d'etudier la frequence et les caracteristiques de cette maladie dans notre population Materiel et methodes: Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective hospitaliere portant sur une periode de quatre ans de 1999 a 2002 dans les differents services de l'hopital Hassan II de Settat et tenant compte de trois facteurs etudies: sexe; age et la saison de diagnostic. Resultats: Nous avons montre que cette maladie lithiasique a un caractere dominant chez l'homme. Elle survient le plus souvent chez des patients ages entre 30 et 50 ans. Le nombre de sujets lithiasiques en consultation augmente en automne. Malgre les difficultes methodologiques rencontrees dans cette etude; nous avons rapporte que le taux annuel moyen d'incidence hospitaliere est estime a 30 p 100000 (consultation et chirurgie) et que la frequence annuelle varie selon les services de 0.01 a 0.5. Mais ces deux parametres sont vraisemblablement sous estimes. Conclusion: La proportion des patients lithiasiques doit etre connue avec plus de precision. Ceci necessite une collaboration de la part des medecins; une cooperation entre les differents services de chirurgie; de radiologie et de consultation dans les secteurs publics et prives

Effect of physical exhaustion and glucocorticoids (dexamethasone) on T-cells of trained rats.

Following a previous observation that moderate physical training (running) of rats did not impair T-cells, in this study moderately trained Wistar rats were run to exhaustion on 2 consecutive days: in one case (T-dex) this was preceded by an intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg.kg-1 of dexamethasone (dex) and in the other case there was no prior injection (T). Similarly one group of sedentary control rats, was injected with dex (C-dex) and the other group was not (C). Rats were killed 24 h after the last treatment (dex, exercise). Compared with the C rats, the T rats exhibited a decreased number of thymocytes (75%), in particular CD4+CD8+ thymocytes and splenocytes (55%), notably CD4+CD8- splenocytes (P < 0.01). Also noted in the T rats was a lower (45%) in vitro (+mitogen) percentage of IL2r+CD4- splenocytes (expressing the IL2 receptor), and reduced (40%, P < 0.01) or unchanged in vitro production of T-cell growth factor (TCGF) by splenocytes or blood mononucleated cells (BMC), respectively. The dex decreased the number of thymocytes and splenocytes in the same way in T-dex rats (compared to T rats) and in C-dex rats (compared to C rats, P < 0.01). In T-dex rats compared with C-dex rats, on the other hand, dex had little effect on in vitro TCGF production by BMC, and no effect on other in vitro parameters. These results would indicate that physical exhaustion was responsible for an alteration in T-cells in the moderately trained rat. This alteration was in part enhanced by dex.

Effect of moderate exercise on rat T-cells.

The aim of this study was a detailed examination of the effects of moderate exercise on T-cells in adult male Wistar rats. The T-cell populations were compared in sedentary rats (C, n = 5) and in rats trained for 4 weeks on a treadmill (30-60 min.day-1, 6 days.week-1, 20-30 m.min-1) and sacrificed at rest (T-rest, n = 5). In the T-rest rats, there were higher percentages of CD4+CD8-, CD4-CD8+ and CD4-CD8- thymocytes (P < 0.05, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively) and of CD4-CD8+ splenocytes (P < 0.01), and a lower percentage of CD4-CD8+ cells in the lymph nodes (P < 0.01). Compared with T-rest or C rats, trained rats (n = 5) or untrained rats (n = 5) sacrificed immediately after a running session (60 min, 30 m.min-1) had a higher percentage of mononucleated cells CD4+CD8- in the blood (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Lastly, compared with C rats, rats (n = 5) sacrificed immediately after their 5th day of training (30-60 min.day-1) presented a higher total splenocyte population (P < 0.05) and greater in vitro production of T-cell growth factor (interleukin 2 + Interleukin 4) by splenocytes in response to a mitogen (P < 0.01). These results would indicate that moderate endurance training modifies the cellular composition of lymphoid organs, without impairing the in vitro functions of T-cells.

Immunomodulations of thymocytes and splenocytes in trained rats.

The aim of this study was to describe the effects of training (running) on thymus and spleen cells in the rat. Young Wistar control rats (n = 6), rats trained for 4 wk (n = 5), and rats trained for 4 wk followed by 1 wk of intensive training (3 h/day, n = 6) were studied. Various lymphocyte surface and nuclear markers were determined by immunocytochemistry. The results show that 4 wk of training 1) decreased the percentage of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU+) thymocytes (cell in phase S of the cycle, immature thymocytes; P less than 0.05) and the viability of thymocytes stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A; P less than 0.05) and 2) increased the absolute number of CD8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells; 29%) and the percentage of CD8+ splenocytes (P less than 0.01). An additional week of intensive training in the 4-wk trained rats induced 1) a decrease in the absolute number of thymocytes (25%, P less than 0.05), TCR+ thymocytes, splenocytes (28%, P less than 0.01), T, CD4+ (helper T cells; 34%), and CD8+ (31%) splenocytes (P less than 0.01) and 2) an increase in the viability of splenocytes after stimulation with Con A for 72 h (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)