ABSTRACT
Experimental studies demonstrated that hypothyroidism can lead to depressive behavior and that thyroid hormones can have antidepressant effects. Postnatal changes in local blood flow in the dorsal hippocampus and cerebellar cortex were studied in the offspring of rats kept in conditions of iodine deficiency at conception and throughout gestation. The data obtained from these studies showed that severe limitation of iodine intake before and during gestation leads to marked deficiency in the blood supply to both of these brain structures, though the decrease in local blood flow in the dorsal hippocampus was more marked. Addition of iodine to the diet of females prevented this deficit of blood flow in both structures.
Subject(s)
Cerebellar Cortex/blood supply , Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology , Hippocampus/blood supply , Iodine/deficiency , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Animal Feed , Animals , Cerebellar Cortex/growth & development , Cerebellar Cortex/metabolism , Female , Hippocampus/growth & development , Hippocampus/metabolism , Iodine/metabolism , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Neurons/metabolism , Pregnancy , Rats , Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/metabolism , Thyroid Hormones/physiology , Trace Elements/deficiency , Trace Elements/metabolismABSTRACT
Experimental studies show depressive behavior in rats caused by hypothyroidism and antidepressant effect of thyroid hormones. The present study analyses changes in the hippocampal and cerebellar cortex local blood flow in the progeny of rats suffering from iodine deficiency before mating and during the whole period of gestation. The diet with very low iodine content results in a decrease of local blood flow in both brain structures, but the greatest changes were observed in hippocampus. Addition of the iodine to the diet eliminates the above blood flow changes.
Subject(s)
Cerebellar Cortex/blood supply , Hippocampus/blood supply , Hypothyroidism/complications , Iodine/deficiency , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Pregnancy Complications/metabolism , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Cerebellar Cortex/embryology , Cerebellar Cortex/growth & development , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Cerebrovascular Disorders/congenital , Cerebrovascular Disorders/etiology , Cerebrovascular Disorders/physiopathology , Female , Hippocampus/embryology , Hippocampus/growth & development , Male , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/blood , Rats , Regional Blood Flow , Thyroxine/blood , Thyroxine/metabolism , Triiodothyronine/blood , Triiodothyronine/metabolismABSTRACT
Experimental data demonstrate that hypothyroidism could result in depressive behavior and subsequently thyroid hormones could act as antidepressants. Postnatal changes in learning ability, memory and emotional status in posterity of rats, which have experienced different level of iodine deficiency before conception and during all gestation period were investigated in this study. Results obtained suggest that sudden iodine deprivation before and during gestation led to a significant neurological defect, which was represented by loss of ability to learn, one of the most important functions of brain in newborn and by evidence of depression. Iodine supply to the diet of female rats eliminates these effects completely.
Subject(s)
Behavior, Animal/physiology , Congenital Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Iodine/deficiency , Maze Learning/physiology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/physiopathology , Animals , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Brain/drug effects , Brain/embryology , Brain/metabolism , Congenital Hypothyroidism/blood , Congenital Hypothyroidism/metabolism , Female , Maze Learning/drug effects , Potassium Iodide/administration & dosage , Potassium Iodide/therapeutic use , Pregnancy , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/blood , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/metabolism , Rats , Thyroid Hormones/blood , Thyroid Hormones/metabolismABSTRACT
Experimental studies show depressive behavior of rats caused by hypothyroidism and anti-depressive effect of thyroid hormones. The present study analysis changes in emotional state of the progeny of rats suffered from iodine deficiency of different severity before mating and during whole period of gestation. The basic diet with low content of iodine markedly decreased animal's motor activity and that was clearly demonstrated in open field testing. More pronounced changes in open field behavior was observed in group of animals with more restricted iodine diet (addition of KClO(4) to the basic diet) -- animals show significant decrease number crossed squares, number of entering into central squares and vertical standings, and increased frequency of gumming. Addition of the iodine to the diet prevents development of the mentioned changes.
