Clinicopathological features and prognosis of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC). 【Methods】 The clinicopathological and follow-up data of 40 CCPRCC patients treated during Jun. 2011 and Oct.2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The prognosis was compared with that of 40 cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and 19 cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) treated in the same period. Survival analysis was performed by Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. 【Results】 Among the 40 patients, 28 were male and 12 were female, aged 31-84 years; 38 cases had unilateral and 2 cases had bilateral tumors; 3 cases had multifocal lesions. All patients received surgery. The maximum diameter of the masses ranged from 3.0 to 95.0 mm, with an average of (27.6±18.1) mm. Pathological grade was Fuhrman 1-2 in all cases. Immunohistochemical tests were positive for CK7 and CA-IX. During the follow-up of 5-129 (average 56) months, 1 case died after bone metastasis, 2 had ipsilateral recurrence, and 1 developed primary esophageal cancer. CCPRCC patients had a significantly better prognosis than CCRCC (P<0.001) and PRCC (P=0.005) patients, while there was no significant difference in the prognosis between CCRCC and PRCC patients (P=0.93). 【Conclusions】 CCPRCC has low malignancy. The diagnosis relies on characteristic pathological and immunohistochemical features. Surgery is an effective treatment. CCPRCC has a better overall prognosis than CCRCC and PRCC.

Surgical technique and efficacy of P. R.E.S.S. bladder cuff excision / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To explore the surgical technique and efficacy of pure retroperitoneoscopic extravesical standardized seeable (P.R.E.S.S.) technique for bladder cuff excision (BCE).Methods:Ninety five patients with UTUC from five domestic centers (30 cases from Changzheng Hospital, 21 cases from Peking University First Hospital, 20 cases from Yuhuangding Hospital, 21 cases from Dalian Medical University affiliated No.2 Hospital and 3 cases from General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command)between August 2017 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 57 males and 38 females with a mean age of (67.7±10.0) years and median tumor size of 3.0 cm. All patients underwent pure retroperitoneoscopic radical nephroureterectomy with a single surgical position and four (36 cases) or five (59 cases) trocar layout according to the surgeon’s prefer habit and experience. The demographics of the two groups were the age of [(66.3±11.2)years vs. (68.6±9.1)years], male/female ratio of (25/11 cases vs. 32/27 cases), body mass index of [(25.0± 3.0)kg/m 2 vs. (24.8±3.4)kg/m 2], tumor maximum diameter of [2.8(1.6, 3.5)cm vs. 3.0(2.0, 4.0)cm], left/right side tumor of(19/17 cases vs. 34/25 cases), T 1-2/T 3-4/Tis stage of(25/10/4 cases vs. 49/10/0 cases), and multifocal tumors of(3 cases vs. 2 cases), and the difference was not statistically significant( P>0.05). On the other hand, the differences of hydronephrosis of the operated kidney(13 cases vs. 39 cases, P=0.004), and tumor location (in renal pelvis or calyx or upper/middle/lower ureter being 23/9/4 cases vs. 35/4/20 cases, P=0.005), were statistically significant. The umbilical artery cord was used as anatomical landmark in the process of P. R.E.S.S. bladder cuff excision. The pelvic floor and extraperitoneal space around the ureter were expanded, the bladder wall was opened to form pneumovesicum, and a sufficient bladder cuff resection and exact bladder cuff closure was performed. Perioperative outcomes and follow-up data were analyzed, and the clinical outcomes between the four and five trocars were compared to evaluate the impact of trocar layout on the surgical outcomes. Results:There were 91(95.8%) cases successfully undergoing P. R.E.S.S. BCE technique, with one case converted to open BCE due to bleeding and three cases converted to distal ureter Hem-o-lok clipping because of poor exposure. Median operative time was 180(125, 230)min, and estimated blood loss was 100(50, 100)ml. The overall complication rate was 10.5%(10/95), including 2 cases(2.1%) of intraoperative bleeding, with 1 case treated by transfusion (400 ml), the other case converted to open surgery without transfusion. There were 8 cases of postoperative complications(8.4%), including 7 cases of Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅱ(3 cases of secondary hemorrhage, one case for each of drug allergy, acute renal insufficiency, blood creatinine increased to 490 μmol/L, or lung infection with lymphatic leakage), 1 case of grade Ⅲa(intestinal obstruction treated with insertion of the intestinal obstruction catheter under local anesthesia), and all these patients were discharged smoothly. The difference between the four and five trocars was not statistically significant in the following variables, including the rate of surgical conversion(8.3% vs. 1.7%), estimated intraoperative blood loss(100 ml vs. 60 ml), ratio of intraoperative lymph node dissection (25.0% vs.20.3%), P. R.E.S.S. bladder cuff excision success rate(91.7% vs.98.3%), the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications (13.8% vs.8.5%), pT 1-2/pT 3-4/pTis stage(22/11/3 cases vs.37/19/3 cases) and the proportion of recurrence or metastasis(8.3% vs.3.4%)(all P>0.05). However, the differences in the operation time(190 min vs.170 min, P=0.011)and postoperative hospital stay(5 d vs.6 d, P=0.005) were statistically significant. Conclusions:P. R.E.S.S. bladder cuff resection technique is safe and feasible during the procedure of pure retroperitoneoscopic radical nephroureterectomy by a single surgical position and facilitates seeable adequate bladder cuff excision by establishing an enlarged pelvic lateral extraperitoneal space and pneumovesicum. Five-trocar technique is more suitable for patients with lower ureteral tumors but may be associated with a longer postoperative hospital stay compared with the four-trocar technique.

Clinical study on the treatment of high-risk BPH with hermo-expandable metallic prostate stent / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy and surgical experience of hermo-expandable metallic prostate stent in the treatment of elderly high-risk BPH patients.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on 38 patients with BPH who underwent implantation of hermo-expandable metallic prostate stent from January 2017 to October 2018 in the General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command. The patients were 72 to 89 years old, with preoperative international prostatic symptom score (IPSS) of 25.6±4.1 points, maximum flow rate of urine (MRF) of (4.8±1.2) mL/s, and residual urine volume (RUV) (160.7±70.5) mL. Urinary catheters were placed in 7 patients for 4-8 days due to acute urinary retention.ResultsExcept for the failure in one case, all 37 patients were successfully implanted with the prostate stent at one time, and they urinated immediately after the operation without serious operation-related complications. Follow-up was conducted for 3 months, and the IPSS and RUV of the 37 patients were (15.6±4.3) and (40.7±12.9) mL respectively, which were significantly lower than those before the operation (P<0.05). MRF was (11.1±4.3) mL/s, significantly higher than that before surgery (P<0.05). 22 cases in this group were followed up for 2 years, and their IPSS, MRF and RUV were all stable.ConclusionThe thermo-expandable metallic prostate stent for the treatment of dysuria caused by BPH is effective, reliable and less traumatic. It is a preferred choice for the treatment of the aged BPH patients who are at a high risk and not suitable for surgery.

Establishment and Clinical Application of Flow Cytometric Immunobead Array in Detecting Plasma von Willebrand Factor Antigen / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a novel flow cytometric immunobead array (FCIA) for detecting plasma von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), and to analyze the clinical value of FCIA in predicting the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke (IS).@*METHODS@#Anti-human vWF monoclonal antibody SZ29 IgG was coated on microspheres overnight, the diluted plasma was added after blocking, then incubated with FITC-conjugated sheep-anti-human vWF IgG polyclonal antibody, and finally detected by flow cytometry. The plasma vWF in 21 case of von Willebrand disease (vWD) and 105 controls (CTL) were detected by FCIA and ELISA, so as to carry out methodological assessment. Plasma vWF:Ag of 61 IS patients was detected by FCIA and the data of prognosis followed-up for 2-year were collected.@*RESULTS@#The linear fitting of FCIA was good (R2=0.99) without significant difference between FCIA and ELISA. The Bland-Altman bias was 1.12% with 95% limits of agreement that spanned from -45.06% to 47.30%, and the slope of the linear regression was 0.97 (r=0.86, P＜0.01). Importantly, the FCIA method was faster than ELISA, and superior to the ELISA in the detection of low levels of vWF:Ag. The levels of vWF:Ag, vWF:GPIbR and vWF:CB in IS patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (Z=8.36, 8.71, 6.22, respectively, P＜0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The FCIA for detecting plasma vWF:Ag is not only an effective supplement to ELISA, but also the efficiency is faster and more sensitive, thus improves the diagnosis of type 3 vWD. Elevated levels of vWF: Ag in IS patients indicate the poor recovery of daily activities and prognosis.

Spiral thermo-expandable prostatic stent implantation for benign prostatic hyperplasia: Clinical analysis of 26 cases / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the surgical techniques and clinical effect of Memokath transurethral spiral thermo-expandable prostatic stent (STEPS) implantation in the treatment of BPH.@*METHODS@#From January 2017 to January 2018, 26 BPH patients underwent Memokath transurethral STEPS implantation, 9 under the flexible cystoscope and the other 17 under the rigid cystoscope. The patients were aged 62－91 years old, with a prostate volume of 32－78 ml, postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) of (67.3 ± 11.2) ml, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) of (6.3 ± 1.8) ml/s, and IPSS score of 26.7 ± 5.7. Eight of the patients had preoperative urinary retention, of whom, 6 received catheterization and 2 had undergone cystostomy for bladder fistula before STEPS implantation.@*RESULTS@#The operations lasted 15－30 minutes and were successfully completed in 24 cases while stent-shedding occurred in the other 2. Twenty-two of the patients achieved spontaneous urination immediately after surgery and 2 experienced bladder clot embolism. At 3 month after surgery, 24 of the patients showed significant improvement in PVR (［21.4 ± 7.7］ ml), Qmax (［18.3 ± 4.7］ ml/s) and IPSS (8.3 ± 2.1), and 13 exhibited no statistically significant difference from the baseline in the IIEF-5 score (14.1 ± 1.1 vs 14.3 ± 1.0, P > 0.05). At 12 months, all the patients were found with markedly improved urination but no adverse events except recurrent urinary tract infection in 2 cases.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Memokath STEPS implantation, with its advantages of simple operation, high safety, definite effectiveness, non-influence on sexual function, is a new effective surgical option for the treatment of BPH.

A comparative analysis of robotic partial nephrectomy with selective versus main artery clamping in the management of early-stage kidney cancer / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of selective artery (SAC) with main artery (MAC) clamping of robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) in patients with early-stage (cTiN0M0) renal masses.Methods Between October 2016 and September 2018,a total of 343 cT1 renal mass patients receiving RPN with SAC (n =21) or MAC (n =322) in our center,were retrospectively analyzed.There were 13 males and 8 females in SAC group with a mean age of (53.1 ± 10.6) years old,mean tumor size of (2.5 ±0.7)cm,and mean R.E.N.A.L.score of 6.2 ± 1.5.There were 149 males and 173 females in MAC group,with a mean age of (51.6 ± 12.3) years old,mean tumor size of(3.5 ± 1.4)cm,and mean R.E.N.A.L.score of 7.9 ± 1.6.There was statistical significance between two groups in tumor size and R.E.N.A.L score(P ＜ 0.001).The group covariates were balanced through propensity score matching (PSM) using 1:2 nearest neighbor matching method.After matching,mean age,tumor size,R.E.N.A.L.score and preoperative eGFR in the SAC and MAC groups were (3.1 ± 10.6) vs.(52.7 ± 10.2) years,(2.5 ± 0.7) vs.(2.6±0.7) cm,6.2 ±1.5 vs.6.2 ±0.9,and (101.7 ± 19.8)vs.(101.6 ±20.3) ml/(min · 1.73m2),respectively (P ＞ 0.05).Perioperative outcomes and follow-up data were compared between the two matched groups.Results There was no significant differences resulted regarding operating time [(127.0 ±54.8)min vs.(130.0 ±49.9) min],blood loss[(166.0 ± 173.5)ml vs.(124.0 ± 101.0)ml],ischemia time [(18.9 ± 6.4) vs.(18.1 ± 5.8) min],hospital stay [(8.7 ± 3.4) d vs.(8.5 ± 2.5) d],incidences of complications (28.6％ vs.19.0％),surgical conversions (0 vs.2.4％),transfusions (4.8％ vs.2.4％) or positive surgical margin(0 vs.0) and malignant pathological outcomes(95.2％ vs.92.9％).The follow-up durations ranged from 3 to 24 months with a mean duration of 9.1 and 12.4 months in SAC and MAC,respectively.At the end of follow-up,the two groups had similar decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate [(7.5 ± 17.2) ％ vs.(12.1 ± 18.2) ％,P =0.466],but the difference was statistically significant with ECT-GFR both of function reduction in the operated kidney [(21.6 ± 14.6) ％ vs.(38.4 ± 20.7)％,P =0.001] and in two kidneys [(2.5 ±16.4)％ vs.(14.8 ±20.0)％,P =0.002].Conclusions Robotic partial nephrectomy with selective vascular control lead to better postoperative renal function compared with main vascular clamped PN techniques and does not lead to a higher surgical risk following a strict patient selection criteria.

Nano-sized TiO2 (nTiO2) induces metabolic perturbations in Physarum polycephalum macroplasmodium to counter oxidative stress under dark conditions.

Nano-sized TiO2 (nTiO2) exerts an oxidative effect on cells upon exposure to solar or UV irradiation and ecotoxicity of the nTiO2 is an urgent concern. Little information is available regarding the effect of TiO2 on cells under dark conditions. Metabolomics is a unique approach to the discovery of biomarkers of nTiO2 cytotoxicity, and leads to the identification of perturbed metabolic pathways and the mechanism underlying nTiO2 toxicity. In the present study, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based metabolomics was performed to investigate the effect of nTiO2 on sensitive cells (P. polycephalum macroplasmodium) under dark conditions. According to the multivariate pattern recognition analysis, at least 60 potential metabolic biomarkers related to sugar metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, polyamine biosynthesis, and secondary metabolites pathways were significantly perturbed by nTiO2. Notably, many metabolic biomarkers and pathways were related to anti-oxidant mechanisms in the living organism, suggesting that nTiO2 may induce oxidative stress, even under dark conditions. This speculation was further validated by the biochemical levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and total soluble phenols (TSP). We inferred that the oxidative stress might be related to nTiO2-induced imbalance of cellular ROS. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate the nTiO2-induced metabolic perturbations in slime mold, provide a new perspective of the mechanism underlying nTiO2 toxicity under dark conditions, and show that metabolomics can be employed as a rapid, reliable and powerful tool to investigate the interaction among organisms, the environment, and nanomaterials.

Adiponectin Is Involved in Connective Tissue Growth Factor-Induced Proliferation, Migration and Overproduction of the Extracellular Matrix in Keloid Fibroblasts.

Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, exerts pleiotropic biological effects on metabolism, inflammation, vascular homeostasis, apoptosis and immunity. Recently, adiponectin has been suggested to attenuate the progression of human dermal fibrosis. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is induced in keloids and is thought to be participated in the formation of keloid fibrosis. However, the roles played by adiponectin in keloids remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of adiponectin on CTGF-induced cell proliferation, migration and the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and their associated intracellular signalling pathways in keloid fibroblasts (KFs). We also explored possible mechanisms of keloid pathogenesis. Primary fibroblast cultures were established from foreskin biopsies and skin biopsies from patients with keloids. The expression of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors (adipoRs) was evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), quantitative real-time RT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemical analysis. Next, KFs and normal dermal fibroblasts (NFs) were treated with CTGF in the presence or absence of adiponectin. A cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and the Transwell assay were used to examine cell proliferation and migration. The level of the collagen I, fibronectin (FN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNAs and proteins were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and western blotting. The effects of RNA interference (RNAi) targeting the adipoR genes were detected. Phosphorylation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase (PI3K-Akt) were examined by western blotting to further investigate the signalling pathways. Furthermore, inhibitors of signal transduction pathways were investigated. The expression levels of adiponectin and adipoRs were significantly decreased in keloids compared with those in normal skin tissue. Adiponectin suppressed the CTGF-induced KFs, but not NFs, proliferation, migration and ECM production. Moreover, adiponectin inhibited the phosphorylation of AMPK, p38 and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), but not that of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or Akt, in CTGF-treated KFs. The activity of adiponectin-mediated signalling pathways was attenuated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting adipoR1 (but not siRNAs targeting adipoR2, T-cadherin or calreticulin), AMPK (Compound C), p38 (SB203580) inhibitors, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor (PD98059). Based on our results, adiponectin suppresses CTGF-induced KFs proliferation, migration and ECM overproduction. One of the underlying mechanisms is the activation of the adipoR1, AMPK, p38, and ERK signalling pathways. Therefore, adiponectin may play an important role in the progression of keloids, suggesting a potential novel target for keloid treatment.

Research ontherapeutics effect of extract of Ornithogalum caudatum on liver fibrosis / 中国中药杂志

Rat models of liver fibrosis were made by carbon tetrachloride, and the serum levels of AST, ALT, γ-GT, MDA, GSH-px, SOD were detected, serum markers of PCⅢ, IV-C, LN, HA were detected by ELISA method. HE and Masson staining were conducted in hepatic tissues to observe pathological variations. Collagen Ⅲ, TGF-β, α-SMA, E-cadherin were detected by Western blot. The curative effect of the extract of Ornithogalum caudatum on rat liver fibrosis induced by CCl4was observed and the mechanism was discussed. The experiment results showed that the extract of O. caudatum (50, 150, 500 mg•kg⁻¹) obviously decreased the serum levels of AST, ALT, γ-GT, MDA, increased the serum levels of GSH-px, SOD, decreased the expression of serum markers of PCⅢ, IV-C, LN, HA, and improved the liver pathological variations of fibrotic rats. The experiment proved that the extract of O. caudatum could treat the liver fibrogenesis induced by CCl4 in rats. The positive medicine may inhibit accumulation of extracellular and activate hepatic stellate cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on hand function recovery and excitability of the motor cortex after stroke: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article was to investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on hand function recovery and the plasticity of the cortex in stroke patients. DESIGN: A search was conducted in electronic databases for randomized controlled trials exploring the effects of rTMS on hand motor function rehabilitation published from 1990 to January 30, 2012. The authors summarized the effect size on finger coordination, hand function, cortical excitement, and activities of daily living by calculating the standardized mean difference. Adverse effects were also discussed. RESULTS: Of 1668 articles identified, 8 articles (N = 273) were included in this study. The summary effect size indicated positive effects of rTMS on finger motor ability (standardized mean difference, 0.58) and hand function (standardized mean difference, -0.82). However, this study showed that the changes of neurophysiologic measurements were not significant in the included studies. Even so, the trend of these changes was positive. Few adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: rTMS can improve patients' recovery after stroke. The authors suggest that future trials can concentrate on the effects of rTMS for different types of stroke patients in response to stimulation at different sites and explore optimal rTMS parameters for individual treatment.

[Meta-analysis of the effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on paretic hand recovery after stroke].

Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that has been used in the treatments of stroke patients. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of low-frequency rTMS on the hand motor function recovery for stroke patients. After searching from electronic database from January 1990 to April 2012, we collected randomized controlled trials explored the low-frequency rTMS effects on the hand motor function rehabilitation. A total of 7 comparisons (N = 216) from 5 articles were included in this study. We summarized the effect size by calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD). Summary of effect size (SES) indicated positive effects of low-frequency rTMS on the finger motor ability (SMD = 0.58) and hand function (SMD = -0.98). Few adverse effects occurred. The evidence showed that low-frequency rTMS could improve the paretic hand recovery after stroke.

The expression of miR-101 in pancreatic cancer and its effect on proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell line ASPC1 / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-101 in pancreatic cancer and the effect of down-regulation miR-101 on proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell line ASPC1. Methods Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of miR-101 in pancreatic cancer, adjacent tissues and pancreatic cancer cell line ASPC-1. The miR-101 over-expression vector (peGFPc1-miR-101) was constructed and was transfected into ASPC-1 cell. Transfection efficiency was measured by fluorescence microscope. The expression of miR101in the transfected cells was detected by real-time PCR. Cell viability analysis was performed by MTT. The targeted genes of miR-101 in pancreatic cancer were scanned by the online targeted gene prediction software (target Scan). Results The expression of miR-101 was in pancreatic cancer tissues, adjacent tissues and ASPC-1 cell line, respectively. The expressions in pancreatic cancer tissues and ASPC-1 cells were significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues ( P ＜ 0.01 ). The expression of miR 101 in transfected cells increased to 19.8 folds as much as that in the control group (P ＜0.01 ). Proliferation rate of transfected cells was significantly decreased, which was only 26% of primary cells ( P ＜ 0.01 ). EZH2 was the potential targeted gene of miR-101 in pancreatic cancer. Conclusions miR-101 was weakly expressed and it may affect the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell by inhibiting the EZH2 expression.

The computer-aided design and manufacture of unilateral orbital defect restoration / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>By reverse engineering and rapid prototyping techniques to found a new design method of maxillofacial restoration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By laser scanning apparatus the plaster face model was scanned and the primitive face point data were acquired. With the reverse engineering software, the point data were reconstructed to one smooth face surface image and the defect orbital tissue shape data was obtained from the normal contralateral tissue data in the software. The model designed the three-dimensional data of defect part and the rapid prototyping technique made the resin orbital restoration.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The laser scanning apparatus acquired the distinct and precise model data of the plaster face-model. The Digisurface retrograde engineer software succeeded to fulfill the unilateral orbital defect computer-aided design. The orbital restoration inosculated the plaster model tightly and symmetrically.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The reverse engineering software and rapid prototyping technique could finish the computer-aided design and manufacture of the unilateral orbital defect restoration smoothly and satisfactorily.</p>

The effect of roughness on adhesive properties of polymethyl methacrylate and SY-1 silicone elastomer / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effect of roughness on adhesive properties of polymethyl methacrylate and SY-1 silicone elastomer.Methods:5 specimens of polymethyl methacrylate were polished by sand paper of different standards and the roughness of polymethyl methacrylate surfaces were measured by roughmeter. The tension strength between polymethyl methacrylate with different degrees of roughness and SY-1 silicone elastomer were tested according to national standards. Results: After the surfaces of polymethyl methacrylate were respectively polished by sand paper of the standard 160,320 and 800, the sufrace roughness decreased, but the tension strength between polymethy1 and SY-1 silicone elastomer was increased(P

Construction of 3-D standard external nasal morphological database for nasal prostheses / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To Construct 3-D standard external nasal morphological database for nasal prostheses.Methods:12 plaster models of 6 types of external nose were prepared and scanned by a lasser scanner.The data documents were primarily saved as .asc format. The digital noses were partitioned to six areas by the nasal anatomical features: Nasal bridge area,nasal tip and collumella area,left and right dorsal areas,left and right ala nostril areas, the surface model of each area was constructed and connected to a group. With adding the background color, the surface model of external nose was visualized from any observing angles; then the nasal length and width were measured and the original data were replaced by HAN standard data.12 digital nose models with the same size were obtained and the documents were saved by each type with both .asc format and .igs format.Results:Point-cloud data and surface model data of 6 types of standard external digital noses were obtained.Conclusion:The nasal morphological database may be used as the foundation for CAD/CAM technique preparation of nasal prostheses

Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Uptake in a Model of Century-Scale Global Warming

In a model of ocean-atmosphere interaction that excluded biological processes, the oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) was substantially reduced in scenarios involving global warming relative to control scenarios. The primary reason for the reduced uptake was the weakening or collapse of the ocean thermohaline circulation. Such a large reduction in this ocean uptake would have a major impact on the future growth rate of atmospheric CO2. Model simulations that include a simple representation of biological processes show a potentially large offsetting effect resulting from the downward flux of biogenic carbon. However, the magnitude of the offset is difficult to quantify with present knowledge.