BM-BronchoLC - A rich bronchoscopy dataset for anatomical landmarks and lung cancer lesion recognition.

Flexible bronchoscopy has revolutionized respiratory disease diagnosis. It offers direct visualization and detection of airway abnormalities, including lung cancer lesions. Accurate identification of airway lesions during flexible bronchoscopy plays an important role in the lung cancer diagnosis. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) aims to support physicians in recognizing anatomical landmarks and lung cancer lesions within bronchoscopic imagery. This work described the development of BM-BronchoLC, a rich bronchoscopy dataset encompassing 106 lung cancer and 102 non-lung cancer patients. The dataset incorporates detailed localization and categorical annotations for both anatomical landmarks and lesions, meticulously conducted by senior doctors at Bach Mai Hospital, Vietnam. To assess the dataset's quality, we evaluate two prevalent AI backbone models, namely UNet++ and ESFPNet, on the image segmentation and classification tasks with single-task and multi-task learning paradigms. We present BM-BronchoLC as a reference dataset in developing AI models to assist diagnostic accuracy for anatomical landmarks and lung cancer lesions in bronchoscopy data.

Computer-Aided Detection for Chest Radiography to Improve the Quality of Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Vietnam's District Health Facilities: An Implementation Study.

In Vietnam, chest radiography (CXR) is used to refer people for GeneXpert (Xpert) testing to diagnose tuberculosis (TB), demonstrating high yield for TB but a wide range of CXR abnormality rates. In a multi-center implementation study, computer-aided detection (CAD) was integrated into facility-based TB case finding to standardize CXR interpretation. CAD integration was guided by a programmatic framework developed for routine implementation. From April through December 2022, 24,945 CXRs from TB-vulnerable populations presenting to district health facilities were evaluated. Physicians interpreted all CXRs in parallel with CAD (qXR 3.0) software, for which the selected TB threshold score was ≥0.60. At three months, there was 47.3% concordance between physician and CAD TB-presumptive CXR results, 7.8% of individuals who received CXRs were referred for Xpert testing, and 858 people diagnosed with Xpert-confirmed TB per 100,000 CXRs. This increased at nine months to 76.1% concordant physician and CAD TB-presumptive CXRs, 9.6% referred for Xpert testing, and 2112 people with Xpert-confirmed TB per 100,000 CXRs. Our programmatic CAD-CXR framework effectively supported physicians in district facilities to improve the quality of referral for diagnostic testing and increase TB detection yield. Concordance between physician and CAD CXR results improved with training and was important to optimize Xpert testing.

Study on the antihypertensive problem in ischemic stroke patients with hypertension at the ICU-provincial general hospital of Quang Tri

We studied 47 ischemic stroke patients with hypertension at the ICU-Quang tri general hospital in the year 2004. These patients were divided into 2 groups: group A consisting of 23 patients whose blood pressure was lowered considerably within 6 early hours and 24 early hours after admission; while the blood pressure of 24 patients of group B was lowered step by step, in a ladder fashion according to the recommendation of WHO. Objective: Clinical comparison (improvement of coma and movement, evidence of cerebral edema) between the 2 groups within 72 hours after hospitalization. Study design: prospective, clinical comparison between 2 disease groups. Results:-Upon admission, the difference of mean Glasgow scores of group A(8.71.1) and group B (8.31.9) is not of statistical significance (p>0.05). At the 24th hour, the mean Glasgow scores of group A and B are 7.5 2.4 and 9.52.6, respectively. By 48 hours, these scores of group A and B are 7.82.4 and 10.62.7, respectively. The mean Glasgow scores of group A and B at the 72nd hour are 7.51.5 and 11.32.5, respectively. It is demonstrated that the mean Glasgow scores at hours 24, 48 and 72 of group B are statistic significant higher than these scores of group A (p<0.01). The clinical improvement of motor paralysis and cerebral edema within 24, 48 and 72 hours after hospital admission is better in group B than in group A, with statistic significance (p<0.01).