ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cooperation and conflict in social insects are closely linked to the genetic structure of the colony. Kin selection theory predicts conflict over the production of males between the workers and the queen and between the workers themselves, depending on intra-colonial relatedness but also on other factors like colony efficiency, sex ratios, cost of worker reproduction and worker dominance behaviour. In most bumblebee (Bombus) species the queen wins this conflict and often dominates male production. However, most studies in bumblebees have been conducted with only a few selected, mostly single mated species from temperate climate regions. Here we study the genetic colony composition of the facultative polyandrous neotropical bumblebee Bombus wilmattae, to assess the outcome of the queen-worker conflict over male production and to detect potential worker policing. RESULTS: A total of 120 males from five colonies were genotyped with up to nine microsatellite markers to infer their parentage. Four of the five colonies were queen right at point of time of male sampling, while one had an uncertain queen status. The workers clearly dominated production of males with an average of 84.9% +/- 14.3% of males being worker sons. In the two doubly mated colonies 62.5% and 96.7% of the male offspring originated from workers and both patrilines participated in male production. Inferring the mother genotypes from the male offspring, between four to eight workers participated in the production of males. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we show that the workers clearly win the queen-worker conflict over male production in B. wilmattae, which sets them apart from the temperate bumblebee species studied so far. Workers clearly dominated male production in the singly as well the doubly mated colonies, with up to eight workers producing male offspring in a single colony. Moreover no monopolization of reproduction by single workers occurred.
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes the process of interaction between the Instituto de la Salud Juan Lazarte research team and the Buenos Aires Public Health Insurance (PHI) management team during the design and development of the study titled "PHI Institutional Capability Analysis and Performance Evaluation", currently underway. From a cross-disciplinary perspective, examining different areas of interaction between the SPS management team and the research team, the relationship is characterized as an application of the "interaction model". This approach promotes the construction of interfaces that allow the development of negotiation and collaboration between the scientific and political "communities". Application of this model has produced changes in the conceptual and methodological framework and in substantive issues during implementation of the SPSMI.
Subject(s)
Administrative Personnel/psychology , Decision Making , Insurance, Health , Interprofessional Relations , Research Personnel/psychology , Argentina , Cooperative Behavior , Health Services Administration , Health Services Research , Humans , Interdisciplinary Communication , Models, Theoretical , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Research DesignABSTRACT
The ability of bees to generate metabolic heat plays an important role in their ability to forage and pollinate because they must achieve a minimum temperature to activate their flight muscles. In honey bees and stingless bees, the thoracic temperature of feeding foragers is correlated with the caloric value of sucrose solution provided at feeders outside the nest. We provide the first detailed data showing that this phenomenon also occurs in the closely related bumble bee and thus may be homologous in all social bees of the Apidae. Using infrared thermography, we measured T(th) for Bombus wilmattae foragers (mass 0.17+/-0.11 g, length 15.0+/-1.5 mm) from six wild colonies, foraging on a range of sucrose concentrations (0.5-2.5 mol l(-1), 16-65% by mass) in foraging arenas. For all colonies, we measured significant increases in DeltaT(th) (P<0.0001) with increasing sucrose concentration, with significant differences (P<0.0001) between colonies due to different linear regression slopes (0.28-2.4) and y-intercepts (2.7-5.5). We suggest that this modulation of pitching T(th) to sucrose concentration is a general phenomenon in all social bees and may be a widespread adaptation facilitating rapid food collection in flying Hymenoptera.
Subject(s)
Bees/physiology , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Dietary Sucrose/metabolism , Animals , Bees/metabolism , Body Temperature , Energy Intake , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Social Behavior , Temperature , ThermographyABSTRACT
Este artículo analiza el proceso de interacción entre el equipo de investigación del Instituto de la Salud Juan Lazarte y el equipo de gestión del Seguro Público de Salud (SPS) de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, durante el diseño y desarrollo de la investigación Análisis de las Capacidades Institucionales y Evaluación de Desempeño del SPS. Dada la existencia de distintos espacios de interacción entre el equipo de gestión del SPS y el equipo de investigación, su relación es caracterizada como una aplicación del "modelo de interacción", desde una perspectiva transdiciplinaria. Este abordaje promueve interfases que permiten el desarrollo de procesos de negociación y colaboración entre las "comunidades" científicas y políticas. La aplicación de este modelo de interacción desencadenó cambios en el marco conceptual y metodológico, y sobre aspectos sustantivos del proceso de implementación del Seguro Público de Salud Materno Infantil.
This article analyzes the process of interaction between the Instituto de la Salud Juan Lazarte research team and the Buenos Aires Public Health Insurance (PHI) management team during the design and development of the study titled "PHI Institutional Capability Analysis and Performance Evaluation", currently underway. From a cross-disciplinary perspective, examining different areas of interaction between the SPS management team and the research team, the relationship is characterized as an application of the "interaction model". This approach promotes the construction of interfaces that allow the development of negotiation and collaboration between the scientific and political "communities". Application of this model has produced changes in the conceptual and methodological framework and in substantive issues during implementation of the SPSMI.
Subject(s)
Health Services Research , Insurance, Health , Interpersonal Relations , Use of Scientific Information for Health Decision Making , ArgentinaSubject(s)
Contract Services , Politics , Hospitals, Public/economics , Task Performance and Analysis , Argentina , CongressSubject(s)
Hospitals, Public/economics , Politics , Contract Services , Task Performance and Analysis , Congress , ArgentinaABSTRACT
El objectivo general del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de tabaquismo en pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatorios de la ciudad de Cartagena. Una breve entrevista estructurada fue utilizada para investigar el hábito de fumar en una muestra de 695 pacientes, encontrándose que 16, 4 por cento de los pacientes fumaban regularmente. Los pacientes fumadores tenían en promedio una edad de 38, 4 años (SD = 11), tres años menos que los no fumadores; sin embargo, la diferencia solo mostró una tendencia significativa (p = 0,006). El mayor porcentaje de fumadores eran de género masculino (p < 0.000002), habían aprobado en promedio 7,0 años de estudio (SD = 4,3) similar a los no fumadores: los diagnósticos más relacionados con el fumar fueron los trastornos, con el consumo de sustancias ( p< 0.0000001). Se concluye que la prevalencia de tabaquismo en pacientes con trastornos psiquiátricos, contrario a la informada en outros estudios, es similar a la encontrada en la comunidad. El hábito de fumar muestra cierta tendencia con la edad y está relacionada con el género y el trastorno mental de base. No guarda relación con la escolaridad
Subject(s)
Mental Disorders , Outpatients , SmokingABSTRACT
El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la prevalencia de tabaquismo en pacientes deprimidos ambulatorios de la ciudad de Cartagena. Una breve entrevista fue utilizada para investigar el hábito de fumar en una muestra de 695 pacientes, de los cuales 267 (38.4 porciento) reunieron criterios para un transtorno depresivo mayor, encontrándose que 8.2 porciento de los pacientes deprimidos fumaban regularmente comparado con el 21.5 porciento de los no deprimidos (p<0.0001), no se encontraron diferencias según el género ni la escolaridad entre fumadores y no fumadores. Se concluye que la prevalencia de tabaquismo en pacientes con transtorno depresivo mayor es inferior a la observada en la comunidad. Esta prevalencia es independiente de la edad, género y escolaridad
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Depression/epidemiology , Smoking/epidemiologyABSTRACT
El objetivo general del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de tabaquismo en pacientes psiquiatricos ambulatorios de la ciudad de Cartagena. Una breve entrevista estructurada fue utilizada para investigar el habito de fumar en una muestra de 695 pacientes, encontrandose que 16,4 por ciento de los pacientes fumaban regularmente. Los pacientes fumadores tenian en promedio una edad de 38,4 anos (SD=11), tres anos menos que los no fumadores; sin embargo, la diferencia solo mostro una tendencia significativa (p=0,06). El mayor porcentaje de fumadores eran de genero masculino (p<0.000002), habian aprobado en promedio 7.9 anos de estudio (sd=4.3) similar a los no fumadores; los diagnosticos mas relacionados con el fumar fueron los transtornos con el consumo de sustancias (p<0.0000001). Se concluye que la prevalencia de tabaquismo en pacientes con transtornos psiquiatricos, contrario a la informada en otros estudios, es similar a la encontrada en la comunidad. El habito de fumar muestra cierta tendencia con la edad y esta relacionada con el genero y el transtorno mental de base. No guarda relacion con la escolaridad.
