ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Los cuerpos extraños en el esófago son un problema frecuente en urgencias, debido la mayoría de las veces a ingestión accidental. Presentamos el caso de una paciente femenina de 50 años, sin antecedentes patológicos, que consulta por presentar la ingesta de prótesis dental mientras almorzaba, con posterior disfagia, odinofagia y dolor cervical. Se le realizan radiografías y tomografía computarizada (TC) donde se evidencia imagen radiopaca en esófago cervical. Se interconsulta con el Servicio de Gastroenterología, dada la imposibilidad de extracción de la prótesis por vía endoscópica. Se realiza luego cervicotomía lateral izquierda de emergencia, con esofagotomía, extracción del cuerpo extraño y cierre primario del esófago. La obstrucción del esófago por cuerpos extraños puede ocasionar muchas complicaciones. La consecuente demora en el tratamiento puede llevar a un marcado aumento de la mortalidad. Por eso, en este caso, se prioriza la cirugía ante un riesgo elevado de perforación y hemorragia.
ABSTRACT Esophageal foreign bodies are a common problem in the emergency department, usually due to accidental ingestion. We report the case of a 50-year-old otherwise healthy female patient who sought medical care due to dysphagia, odynophagia and cervical pain after swallowing a partial denture while having lunch. The patient underwent X-rays and a computed tomography (CT) scan which showed a radiopaque image in the upper esophagus. After a failed attempt to remove the denture through endoscopy, surgery was decided via a left lateral emergency cervicotomy with esophagotomy, foreign body removal and primary closure of the esophagus. Esophageal obstruction due to foreign bodies may cause many complications. Treatment delays may result in increased mortality. Thus, in this case we prioritized surgery due to high risk of perforation and bleeding.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Esophagostomy , Esophagus , Foreign Bodies , Denture, Partial , EndoscopyABSTRACT
Variability in functional traits (FT) is increasingly used to understand the mechanisms behind tree species interactions and ecosystem functioning. In order to explore how FT differ due to interactions between tree species and its influence on stand productivity and other ecological processes, we examined the effects of tree species composition on the intra-specific variability of four widely measured FT: specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, leaf angle and stomatal conductance response to vapor pressure deficit. This study focused on three major central European tree species: European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] H. Karst.). Each species was examined in monoculture and two-species mixtures in the 13-year-old tree biodiversity experiment BIOTREE-Kaltenborn. Trait distributions and linear mixed models were used to analyze the effect of species mixing, tree size and stand variables on the intra-specific FT variability. A significant effect of branch height on most traits and species indicated a vertical gradient of foliar trait frequently related to light availability. Beech and oak showed a high overall trait variability and sensitivity to species mixing and stand basal area, while the trait variability of spruce was limited. Greater shifts in trait distributions due to mixing were found in specific leaf area for oak and leaf nitrogen content for beech. Thus intra-specific variability of key leaf traits was already influenced at this young development stage by inter-specific interactions. Finally, we used the 3-PG (Physiological Processes Predicting Growth) process-based forest growth model to show that the measured intra-specific variability on single FT values could influence stand productivity, light absorption and transpiration, although the net effect depends on the considered trait and the species composition of the mixture. The results of this study will aid better understanding of the effects of inter-specific competition on intra-specific FT variability, which has implications for the parameterization of process-based forest growth models and our understanding of ecosystem functioning.
Subject(s)
Abies , Fagus , Ecology , Ecosystem , Fagus/physiology , Forests , Trees/physiologyABSTRACT
La presente investigación tiene por objetivo estudiar la correlación entre las habilidades de memoria secuencial auditiva (MSA), integración auditiva (IA) y el desempeño fonológico en 24 niños con trastorno específico del lenguaje (TEL) expresivo de un rango etario de 3 años a 3 años 11 meses que asisten a una escuela especial de lenguaje. Los participantes fueron evaluados mediante la aplicación de dos subtest del Test Illinois de Aptitudes Psicolingüísticas (subtest de MSA y subtest de IA), y el Test para Evaluar los Procesos de Simplificación Fonológica Revisado (TEPROSIF-R). Los resultados muestran una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre memoria secuencial auditiva, integración auditiva y desempeño fonológico. Al analizar los datos dividiendo la muestra en dos grupos etarios se observa que, para el grupo etario de 3 años a 3 años 5 meses existe una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre MSA, IA y desempeño fonológico. En cambio, para el grupo etario de 3 años 6 meses a 3 años 11 meses se observa la misma tendencia sinalcanzar valores estadísticamente significativos. Esto sugiere que la relación entre estas variables disminuye a medida que los niños se acercan a su cuarto año de vida.
The present research aims to study the correlation between auditory sequential memory capacity (ASM), auditory integration (AI) abilities, and phonological performance in 24 children with expressive specific language impairment, with an age range between 3 and 3 years and 11 months, who attend a special language school. Participants were evaluated through two subtests of the Illinois Psycholinguistic Aptitudes Test (an ASM subtest and an AIsubtest), and the Test to Evaluate the Phonological Simplification Processes Revised (TEPROSIF-R). The results indicate a statistically significant correlation between sequential auditory memory, auditory integration and phonological performance. When analyzing the data by dividing the sample into two age groups. When analyzing the data dividing the sample into two age groups, we observed that, for the age group between 3 and 3 years and 5 months there is a statistically significant correlation between auditory sequential memory, auditory integration and phonological performance. For the age group from 3 years 6 months to 3 years 11 months the same trend is observed without reaching statistically significant values. This suggests that the relationship between these variables decreases as children approach their fourth year of life.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Auditory Perception/physiology , Specific Language Disorder/physiopathology , MemoryABSTRACT
Desde el punto de vista lingüístico, son conocidas las repercusiones del Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) en la comunicación y el lenguaje, sin embargo, existen pocos estudios específicos para el nivel Fonético-Fonológico. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el desempeño Fonético-Fonológico de niños con TEA de los niveles pre-kínder, kínder, primero, segundo y tercero básico, mediante el uso de la Clasificación de Ajustes Fonético-Fonológicos del habla infantil (CLAFF). Para ello, se utilizó un enfoque descriptivo transversal y un diseño no probabilístico de tipo consecutivo. Los principales resultados mostraron que los niños con TEA realizan como Ajuste Fonético-Fonológico (AFF) a los rasgos del fonema el Ajuste de Modo y en los AFF a la sílaba, la Síncopa. Además, mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado se determinó que existía una asociación entre las variables Nivel escolar y Categoría de ajuste. Para investigar más a fondo esta relación, se procedió a realizar un análisis de Regresión Logística Multinomial (RLM), el que reveló que Nivel escolar predice la probabilidad de aparición de AFF que afecten al Rasgo, en oposición a Sílaba, en los niveles estudiados.
From a linguistic standpoint, the consequences of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in both communication and linguistic skills are relatively well known. However, few studies have been conducted to observe the phonetic and phonemic domain. The aim of this study is to analyse the phonetic and phonemic performance of children with ASD from pre-primary school to third grade. This was accomplished by using the CLAFF, a guideline for classifying phonetic and phonemic adjustments. This study presents a cross-sectional approach and the sample was obtained via a consecutive non-probabilistic model. The main results showed that children with ASD prefer adjustments in manner of articulation and syncope. A Chi-squared analysis revealed a significant statistical association between School grade and Category of adjustment. To further observe this association, a multinomial logistic regression analysis was run, which showed that School grade predicted the probability of occurrence of adjustments that affect phonemic features rather the syllable.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Speech/physiology , Phonetics , Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology , Logistic Models , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Se estudiaron las condiciones económicas y culturales de las poblaciones especiales de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira en el primer semestre del 2010, estas poblaciones están compuestas por afrodescendientes, indígenas y desplazados. La investigación se abordó por medio de un estudio cuantitativo con un enfoque descriptivo en el cual se tuvieron en cuenta variables que encerraran los aspectos económicos y culturales que se relacionan con la vivencia de la época universitaria. El estudio arrojó resultados alarmantes mostrando que los estudiantes que pertenecen a las comunidades mencionadas viven en condiciones económicas decadentes y culturales desprotegidas. Esta situación se refleja en el precario estado de las políticas internas de la universidad relacionadas con los beneficios económicos a minorías y protección a las raíces culturales de cada una de ellas.
Economical and cultural conditions of especial populations of the Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira in the first semester of 2010 were studied. These populations were composed of afrodescendents, indigenous and displaced individuals. The research was approached through a quantitative study with a descriptive focus in which those variables regard economical and cultural aspects related to living in the university stages were assessed. This study showed warning results finding that the students belonging to those communities live in poor economical and cultural unprotected conditions. This situation reflexes the precarious state of the internal policies of the university related to the economical benefits to minorities and protection to the cultural roots of each of them.
Subject(s)
Humans , Black or African American , Culture , Human Migration , Economic Development , ViolenceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Living at high altitude increases the prevalence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and may affect its morphology. AIM: To compare the anatomical and haemodynamic features of isolated PDA in patients living at low and high altitudes (1,500-4,200 metres above sea level - m.a.s.l.). METHODS: We studied retrospectively data from 1,404 consecutive patients - 708 living in lowland areas (group L) and 696 in highland areas (group H), in whom transcatheter closure of PDA was attempted. The mean age of the patients in group L was 9.9 ± 13.5 years and in group H it was 8.2 ± 19.7 years. RESULTS: The diameter of PDA in group L was 2.3 ± 1.3 mm and 4.1 ± 1.2 mm in group H (p < 0.001), while the mean pulmonary artery pressure was 17.9 ± 5.9 mm Hg and 25.5 ± 12.3 mm Hg, respectively (p < 0.001). Angiographic PDA type A was more frequently observed in highland patients. In groups L and H, self expanding nitinol occluders (mostly Amplatzer devices) were used in 25.7% vs 92.2% of patients (p < 0.001), whereas coils were used in 69.2% vs 7.5% (p < 0.001), respectively. Double umbrella systems were used in 4.8% of patients in group L. CONCLUSIONS: In catheterised patients with PDA living at high altitude, larger ductal diameter, anatomic type A and higher pulmonary artery pressure were more frequently observed. This finding has important implications for future strategy regarding transcatheter closure in populations living at different altitudes. Kardiol Pol 2011; 69, 5: 431-436.
Subject(s)
Altitude , Cardiac Catheterization , Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/pathology , Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/surgery , Female , Hemodynamics , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: conocer cómo los niños adquieren el sistema fonológico-fonético de su lengua materna y describir la cronología de secuencia de adquisición del repertorio fonético-fonológico en la muestra. MÉTODOS: la muestra está compuesta por 72 sujetos dividida en seis grupos etáreos de seis meses cada uno. Se le aplicó el "Cuestionario para la Evaluación de la Fonología Infantil" (CEFI) que evaluó la articulación de las consonantes en sus todas sus posiciones mediante una tarea de nombrado. Los resultados de cada grupo etáreo fueron comparados en cada segmento para observar la secuencia de adquisición de los sonidos según la edad de los informantes. RESULTADOS: se observó que el rendimiento general de las consonantes evidenció un aumento en el porcentaje de emisión normal en relación al avance en la edad de los sujetos. Los fonemas /f/ - /s/ - /x/ y el grupo de líquidas /l/-/lh/ - /r/ fueron los segmentos que presentaron mayor dificultad articulatoria. Las nasales /m/ - /n/ - /nh/ y las sordas no continuas /p/ - /t/ - /tch/-/k/ fueron los segmentos con mayor porcentaje de articulación normal. CONCLUSIONES: a los 3 años los sujetos tienen sobre un 80 por ciento de articulación normal en las consonantes.Las mayores dificultades de adquisición se manifestaron en las consonantes fricativas /s/ y /x/ y, sobre todo, en la consonante /r/. A la inversa, las consonantes que menos dificultades de adquisición presentaron fueron las nasales y las oclusivas.
PURPOSE: to become familiar with the way children acquire the phonetic-phonological system in their maternal language and to describe the chronology of the acquisition sequence related to the phonetic-phonological repertoire in the sample. METHODS: the sample was composed of 72 individuals divided into six age groups of six months each. The "Questionnaire for Evaluating Child Phonology" (QECP) was applied in order to evaluate articulation of vowels in every position by means of a naming task. The results for each age group were compared in every segment in order to observe the acquisition sequence of sounds in every subject. RESULTS: It was observed that the general performance of vowels showed an increase in the percentage of normal rendering in relation to the increase in age of the subjects. The phonemes /f/ - /s/ - /x/ and the group of liquids /l/-/lh/ - /r/ were the segments that showed the highest articulatory difficulty. Nasals /m/ - /n/ - /nh/ and voiceless non continuous /p/ - /t/ - /tch/-/k/ were the segments that had the highest percentage of normal articulation. CONCLUSIONS: at the age of 3, the subjects have over 80 percent of normal consonant articulation. The biggest acquisition difficulties were shown by fricative consonants /s/ and /x/, and, particularly, the consonant /r/. On the contrary, the consonants showing the lowest acquisition difficulty were the nasal and occlusive consonants.
Subject(s)
Child Language , Language , Language Arts , Language Development , Language Tests , Phonetics , Speech TherapyABSTRACT
Con el objetivo de conocer las motivaciones que apoyan el deseo de algunas personas por mantenerse sin fumar, se diseñó un estudio descriptivo transversal en una muestra de 692 adultos no fumadores pertenecientes a la Universidad de Concepción. Esta investigación permitió identificar las motivaciones intrínsecas y extrínsecas manifestadas por ellos como razones para conservar esta conducta saludable. En la recolección de los datos se utilizó la escala "Reasons for Quitting Scale" de 20 ítemes, modificada por los autores para no fumadores, y cuya confiabilidad se comprobó a través del coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach. El resultado del análisis factorial con rotación ortogonal de los 20 ítemes de la escala sugirió una solución óptima con 4 factores, considerando los ítemes que tuvieron una carga superior a 0,47. Estos cuatro factores explicaron las motivaciones por no fumar hasta un 63,11 porciento en los funcionarios y hasta un 62,57 porciento en los estudiantes. Los factores de mayor carga en las respuestas de los funcionarios fueron los ítemes relacionados con las categorías de refuerzo inmediato y salud, correspondientes a las motivaciones extrínsecas e intrínsecas, respectivamente. En cambio, en los estudiantes se observó mayor carga en los ítems que incluían las categorías autocontrol y presión social de las motivaciones intrínsecas y extrínsecas, respectivamente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Behavior , Health Promotion , Motivation , Smoking Cessation , Tobacco Use DisorderABSTRACT
Background: Not all the techniques for the correct use of metered dose inhalers are used by patients and health care professionals. Aim: To assess the techniques and errors in the use of metered dose inhalers among patients and health care professionals. Material and methods : Evaluation of the inhaling technique, using a validated questionnaire, used by 68 patients, 30 physicians and 30 nurses working in a hospital at Concepción, Chile. Results: The "closed mouth" technique is used by 84 percent of patients, 40 percent of physicians and 73 percent of nurses. The rest uses the "open mouth" technique. The aerochamber is used by 12 percent of patients, 37 percent of physicians and 27 percent of nurses. The most frequent inhaling errors detected were not shaking the inhaler (26 percent of patients, 30 percent of physicians and 7 percent of nurses), not applying the puff at the start of inspiration (28 percent of patients, 7 percent of physicians and 13 percent of nurses), and not maintaining an apnea after the inhalation (41 percent of patients, 7 percent of physicians and 10 percent of nurses). Sixty percent of patients, 67 percent of physicians and 40 percent of nurses have not received instructions about the inhaler use. Conclusions: There is a high frequency of errors in the use of inhalers and most users have not been trained in its use
