Subject(s)
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Immunomodulating Agents/therapeutic use , Multiple Myeloma/pathology , Mutation , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics , Humans , Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy , Multiple Myeloma/geneticsABSTRACT
A detailed study of a solid slaughterhouse waste (SHW) anaerobic treatment is presented. The waste used in this study is rich in lipids and proteins residue. Long chain fatty acids (LCFA), coming from the hydrolysis of lipids were inhibitory to anaerobic processes at different degrees. Acetogenesis and methanogenesis processes were mainly affected by inhibition whereas disintegration and hydrolysis processes did not seem to be affected by high LCFA concentrations. Nevertheless, because of the high energy content, this kind of waste is very suitable for anaerobic digestion but strict control of operating conditions is required to prevent inhibition. For that, two inhibition indicators were identified in this study. Those two indicators, LCFA dynamics and LCFA/VSbiomass ratio proved to be useful to predict and to estimate the process inhibition degree.
Subject(s)
Abattoirs , Fatty Acids , Animals , Bacteria, Anaerobic , Cattle , Lipids , Methane , Milk , Refuse DisposalABSTRACT
Leptin resistance and obesity have been related to mutations of the leptin receptor gene in rodents and, recently, in a consanguineous family. The latter mutation results in a receptor lacking transmembrane and intracellular domains. Homozygous and heterozygous individuals with this mutation had serum leptin levels higher than expected, given their BMIs: 600, 670, and 526 ng/ml and 145, 362, 294, 240, and 212 ng/ml, respectively. Their serum leptin was fractionated by gel filtration: >80% was present as a high-molecular size complex vs. 7.5% in the nonmutated sister. Western blot analysis showed a band at 146 kDa reacting specifically with an antibody directed against the leptin receptor ectodomain. In 10 obese control subjects, as in the mutated patients, free leptin levels correlated with BMI (r = 0.70, P = 0.0011) and reflected fat mass, regardless of leptin receptor functioning. In the patients, bound leptin levels correlated with BMI (r = 0.99, P = 0.0002) and were related to the number of mutated alleles. These data demonstrate that the truncated receptor is secreted into blood and binds the majority of serum leptin, markedly increasing bound and total leptin. Free serum leptin was similarly correlated with BMI in the mutated and nonmutated obese individuals, providing evidence that the relationship between BMI and circulating free leptin is preserved in this family. This finding suggests that the leptin receptor itself may not be specifically involved in the control of leptin secretion, and it supports the concept of relative resistance to leptin in common obesity.
Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology , Carrier Proteins/blood , Carrier Proteins/genetics , Drug Resistance , Leptin/pharmacology , Obesity/blood , Receptors, Cell Surface , Adolescent , Adult , Biomarkers/blood , Child , Chromatography, Gel , Consanguinity , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Molecular Weight , Mutation , Obesity/genetics , Receptors, Leptin , Reference Values , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
The authors report the results obtained with a new analgesic, UP 341.01, which is a bioprecursor of paracetamol. Two groups of patients with acute pain, due to suppurative acute otitis media before myringotomy, were given an intravenous injection of 1 or 2 g of UP 341.01 respectively. Changes in the severity of pain were assessed over five hours by means of a verbal five point scoring system. During this study, UP 341.01 proved efficient and well tolerated.
