ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for a woman to experience pregnancy denial. DESIGN, SETTING AND POPULATION: A French multicentric prospective case-control study with 71 mother-infant dyads having experienced a pregnancy denial versus a control group of 71 dyads. METHODS: Data were collected in the week after delivery using an observational leaflet and two psychiatric scales (MINI and QSSP). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding social, demographic, medical and psychiatric data. RESULTS: Not being in a stable relationship (odds ratio [OR] 17.18, 95% CI 3.37-87.60]; P < 0.0001), not having a high school diploma (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.38]; P < 0.0001) and having a psychiatric history (OR 6.33, 95% CI 1.62-24.76; P = 0.0002) were risk factors to experience pregnancy denial, whereas being older was a protective factor (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79-0.93; P = 0.0054) (logistic regression, Wald 95% CI). Other risk factors included late declarations of pregnancy history and past pregnancy denials (case n = 7, 9.7% versus 0% in controls; P = 0.01), past pregnancy denials in the family (case n = 13, 18% versus control n = 4, 5.6%; P = 0.03), and use of a contraceptive method (75% for cases versus 7% in control; P < 0.0001), primarily an oral contraceptive (75%). CONCLUSION: Family or personal history of pregnancy denial should be part of the systematic anamnesis during the first visit of a patient of child-bearing age. Further, our study points out that life context (young age, single status, socio-economic precarity, pill-based contraception) could be a trigger for pregnancy denial in certain women. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Life context can be a trigger for pregnancy denial.
Subject(s)
Denial, Psychological , Pregnancy, Unplanned/psychology , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Contraception/psychology , Contraception/statistics & numerical data , Educational Status , Female , France , Humans , Logistic Models , Maternal Age , Odds Ratio , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Difficulty of use of eyedrops is a factor associated with poor patient compliance that reduces treatment efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the handiness and global acceptability of the new Abak timolol bottle (multidose preservative-free eyedrops) in comparison with that of other administration systems (classical multidose eyedrops or single-doses) in patients treated for glaucoma or ocular hypertension. METHODS: Cross-sectional, retrospective and multicentre study involving 41 ophthalmologists in France. Selected patients were those who had been treated with the new Abak bottle since at least two months, as a replacement for other beta-blocker eyedrops. Handiness and acceptability of the new Abak bottle in comparison with other delivery systems were evaluated using a questionnaire filled by the investigator. RESULTS: Almost all the patients were unanimous regarding the handiness of the new Abak bottle: easy to open for 96.5% of them, easy to handle for 96.0%, and easy to get drops for 91.1%. For all these criteria and in a general manner, patients preferred the new Abak bottle in comparison with the previous eyedrop container. These results were confirmed in the oldest patients. CONCLUSION: The new Abak bottle had a greater acceptability compared to preserved multidose eyedrops or to single-doses. Its handiness and the absence of preservative which may improve local tolerance are in favor of a greater compliance in chronically treated patients.
Subject(s)
Drug Packaging , Ophthalmic Solutions/administration & dosage , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , France , Glaucoma/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ocular Hypertension/drug therapy , Ophthalmic Solutions/chemistry , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Patient Compliance , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: We describe the case of a young woman affected by a benign ovarian teratoma with paraneoplastic encephalitis. Several cases have already been reported, but it is the first article that focuses on details of the psychiatric symptoms of this disorder. BACKGROUND: Paraneoplastic encephalitis usually begins with a prodromal phase, followed first by prominent psychiatric symptoms or, less frequently, short-term memory loss, seizure, catatonia-like symptoms, dyskynesias and, secondly, by autonomic instability and central hypoventilation requiring intensive care. In our case and to our knowledge, for the first time in the literature, the patient was hospitalized in a psychiatric unit for a suspected manic episode with psychotic features, in association with short-term memory impairment and anxiety. It has been shown that patients suffering from paraneoplastic encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma display antibodies for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in CSF or plasma (more specifically for the NR1 subunit of the NRl/NR2 heteromers required to form a functional NMDA receptor). The NR1/NR2B heteromers are preferentially expressed in the adult hippocampus/forebrain, which are brain regions involved in the pathogenesis of various psychiatric, psychotic in particular, symptoms. Furthermore, the glutamatergic NMDA receptors are the major mediator of excitotoxicity and their dysfunction had been associated with neurologic disorders, but also with schizophrenia and, more recently, with mood disorders. CASE REPORT: This case supports the idea that the dysfunction of NMDA receptors may play a major role in psychiatric disorders, especially in psychosis and affective disorders. This article will briefly summarize the different evidences and hypotheses reported in the literature on NMDA receptors implication and will report how these receptors may serve as therapeutic targets.
