Chronic Pregabalin Treatment and Oxycodone Requirement after Spinal Surgery Versus Short Course Perioperative Administration: A Prospective, Nonrandomized Study.

BACKGROUND: Although being controversial, pregabalin (PGB) is proposed during a short perioperative period  to improve pain relief.Comparisons between chronic and short-term users during lumbar spine surgery are lacking. OBJECTIVES: The purpose was to compare opioid requirements and postoperative pain among PGB chronic users and naive patients receiving a 48-hour perioperative administration. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized study. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. METHODS: Chronic users (group PGB, n = 39) continued their treatment, naive patients (group C, n = 43) received a dose of 150 mg preoperatively and 75 mg/12 hours for 48 hours. Anesthesia and analgesia were standardized. The primary outcome was the cumulative oxycodone consumption at 24 hours, other outcomes included pain scores, DN4 (Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions) scores, and side effects. RESULTS: Group PGB consumed less oxycodone at 24 hours (median [interquartile range] 10 mg [10-17.5] vs. 20 mg [10-20], P = 0.013], at 48 hours (15 mg [10-20] vs. 20 mg [12.5-30], P = 0.018), and required less intraoperative remifentanil (P = 0.004). Both groups showed similar pain scores during the 48-hour follow-up and at 3 months.Based on multivariate analysis, chronic users of PGB before surgery exhibited lower oxycodone requirements at 24 hours (odds ratio, 3.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.44-7.74; P = 0.008]. No differences were noted regarding side effects and DN4 scores. LIMITATIONS: Nonrandomized study. CONCLUSIONS: Patients chronically treated with PGB required less opioid when compared with a short perioperative administration before spinal surgery. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these results in spinal surgeries.

Impact of cleaning and disinfection procedures on microbial ecology and Salmonella antimicrobial resistance in a pig slaughterhouse.

To guarantee food safety, a better deciphering of ecology and adaptation strategies of bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella in food environments is crucial. The role of food processing conditions such as cleaning and disinfection procedures on antimicrobial resistance emergence should especially be investigated. In this work, the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and the microbial ecology of associated surfaces communities were investigated in a pig slaughterhouse before and after cleaning and disinfection procedures. Salmonella were detected in 67% of samples and isolates characterization revealed the presence of 15 PFGE-patterns belonging to five serotypes: S.4,5,12:i:-, Rissen, Typhimurium, Infantis and Derby. Resistance to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and/or chloramphenicol was detected depending on serotypes. 16S rRNA-based bacterial diversity analyses showed that Salmonella surface associated communities were highly dominated by the Moraxellaceae family with a clear site-specific composition suggesting a persistent colonization of the pig slaughterhouse. Cleaning and disinfection procedures did not lead to a modification of Salmonella susceptibility to antimicrobials in this short-term study but they tended to significantly reduce bacterial diversity and favored some genera such as Rothia and Psychrobacter. Such data participate to the construction of a comprehensive view of Salmonella ecology and antimicrobial resistance emergence in food environments in relation with cleaning and disinfection procedures.

A survey of the administration of prednisolone versus ibuprofen analgesic protocols after ambulatory tonsillectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting are frequent symptoms after tonsillectomy. There have been controversies concerning the advantages and drawbacks of different analgesics in this setting, especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, because of potential side effects. We have evaluated the effectiveness and safety of a shift from prednisolone to ibuprofen for postoperative analgesia after tonsillectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from 1231 children scheduled for tonsillectomy over a period of 30 months were analysed. During the first period, children received a combination of paracetamol-prednisolone with codeine as a rescue therapy; in the second period, they received paracetamol and ibuprofen, with tramadol as a rescue therapy. All children received IV dexamethasone at 0.1mg/kg for antiemetic prophylaxis. The primary end-point was the incidence of severe pain defined as an Objective Pain Scale (OPS) score≥6 at the seventh postoperative day (POD7). Other end-points were postoperative nausea or emesis (PONV), sleep disturbance, oral intake and postoperative haemorrhage and reoperation. RESULTS: Six hundred and seventy-two and 559 children were included in the prednisolone and ibuprofen groups respectively. OPS scores≥6 were observed in 3.1% of cases (95% confidence interval, 2.3-4.2%) on POD7 for the entire study population. Ibuprofen reduced the incidence of OPS scores≥6 on POD7 (relative risk 0.37, 95% CI: 0.18-0.78; P=0.009), OPS scores in the ambulatory unit (P<0.001) and POD1 (P<0.001), nalbuphine requirements (RR 0.42, 95% CI, 0.34-0.5, P<0.0001), and PONV (P=0.01) compared with prednisolone. Ibuprofen enhanced sleep quality on POD0 (P<0.0001) and POD7 (P=0.02), and oral intake on POD1 (P<0.0001). The incidence of bleeding requiring reoperation was comparable between the two groups (RR 0.8 [95% CI, 0.13-4.78], p=0.8). Predictive factors for an OPS score≥6 at POD7 were OPS score>4 on the morning and the evening of POD1 (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02-1.49, P=0.03 and OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.12-1.55, P=0.008, respectively) and prednisolone use (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.06-5.31, P=0.04). CONCLUSION: The administration of ibuprofen compared to prednisolone improves postoperative comfort in children undergoing ambulatory tonsillectomy without increasing the incidence of side effects.

Perineural ultrasound-guided catheter bacterial colonization: a prospective evaluation in 747 cases.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ultrasound guidance is increasingly used for catheter insertion and could make it more complicated to guarantee aseptic insertion of catheters. The current study evaluated the incidence of colonization of ultrasound-guided perineural catheter (US-PNC) placed for postoperative analgesia. METHODS: We evaluated prospectively for 14 months 760 ultrasound-guided catheters in a single center placed under sterile conditions. Quantitative culture of all the catheters was performed after withdrawal. Colonization was defined as ≥10(3) colony-forming units/mL. Infection was defined as the isolation of the same microorganism from the colonized catheter and from blood culture and/or culture of an abscess. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent risk factors of US-PNC colonization. RESULTS: Incidences of colonization and infections were 10.4% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 8.2%-14.4%) and 0.13% (95% CI, 0%-3.8%), respectively, in a total of 747 catheters. Coagulase-negative staphylococci colonization was documented in 69% of the colonized catheters. Local inflammation was more frequently noted when catheters were colonized (26.9% [95% CI, 15.2%-38.7%] versus 8.1% [95% CI, 4.2%-11.9%], P = 0.005). Independent factors for ultrasound-guided catheter colonization were duration of catheter placement more than 48 hours (odds ratio [OR], 4.9; 95% CI, 1.1-12.7; P = 0.003), diabetes (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4-9.6; P = 0.004), and antibiotic administration during the month preceding surgery (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.5-7.8; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although infection rate is low, there is a risk of ultrasound-guided catheter colonization that deserves careful monitoring of the insertion site in the postoperative period.

Postoperative efficacies of femoral nerve catheters sited using ultrasound combined with neurostimulation compared with neurostimulation alone for total knee arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Neurostimulation is commonly used to perform femoral nerve block. Ultrasound can be used to identify nerve structures and guide needle placement. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative analgesic efficiency when femoral nerve catheters were sited using ultrasound (in-plane approach) combined with neurostimulation or neurostimulation alone, for total knee arthroplasty. METHOD: Ninety-three patients were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, blind study to receive a continuous femoral nerve block performed using conventional neurostimulation or ultrasound guidance combined with neurostimulation. The primary endpoint was the postoperative 48 h total local anaesthetic consumption. Other outcomes included visual analogue scale scores at rest, after 12, 24 and 48 h; total oral opioid dose; onset time of femoral block; procedural time; knee flexion and complications. Results are expressed with medians (25-75th percentiles), mean ± SD and n (%), as appropriate. RESULTS: The onset time of sensory and motor block was faster in the ultrasound group [11 (6-17) min] than in the conventional group [16 (11-23) min, P = 0.009]. Total local anaesthetic dose was reduced [299 ± 45 vs. 333 ± 48 ml, (difference = 34.0 ml, 95% confidence interval 15.6-52.5 ml), P = 0.0003] and the time to the first analgesic request was lengthened [11 (7-13) vs. 7 (4-12) h, P = 0.034] in the ultrasound group. Visual analogue scale scores at 12, 24 and 48 h were lower in the ultrasound group as well as visual analogue scale scores during knee flexion at 48 h [14.5 (11.0-23.0) vs. 28.5 (21.0-43.5) mm, P < 0.0001]. Total oral morphine doses were 20 (0-40) vs. 40 (20-60) mg (P = 0.0065). Durations of hospital stay were comparable in both groups. CONCLUSION: Continuous perineural femoral catheter placement using ultrasound combined with neurostimulation and an in-plane approach reduces total doses of local anaesthetic, morphine consumption and improves postoperative pain management by comparison with neurostimulation alone.