Pd(II)-Catalyzed Desymmetrizing gem-Dimethyl C(sp3)-H Alkenylation/Aza-Wacker Cyclization Directed by PIP Auxiliary.

Desymmetrization of gem-dimethyl groups has been developed as an efficient pathway to achieve asymmetric C(sp3)-H functionalization. Herein, we described a Pd(II)-catalyzed desymmetrizing gem-dimethyl C(sp3)-H alkenylation/aza-Wacker cyclization directed by a bidentate 2-pyridinylisopropyl auxiliary. Chiral α-methyl γ-lactams were obtained in good yields (up to 82%) and high enantioselectivities (up to 91.5% ee).

[Evidence mapping of Chinese patent medicines in treatment of premature ventricular contractions].

This study employed evidence mapping to systematically sort out the clinical studies about the treatment of premature ventricular contractions with Chinese patent medicines and to reveal the distribution of evidence in this field. The articles about the treatment of premature ventricular contractions with Chinese patent medicines were searched against PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP with the time interval from January 2016 to December 2022. Evidence was analyzed and presented by charts and graphs combined with text. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 164 papers were included, including 147 interventional studies, 4 observational studies, and 13 systematic reviews. A total of 27 Chinese patent medicines were involved, in which Shensong Yangxin Capsules and Wenxin Granules had high frequency. There were off-label uses in clinical practice. In recent years, the number of articles published in this field showed a decreasing trend. Eight types of outcome indicators were used in interventional studies. Ambulatory electrocardiography, clinical response rate, safety, and echocardiography had high frequency, while the rate of ß-blocker decompensation, major cardiovascular events, and pharmaceutical economic indicators were rarely reported. The evaluation was one-sided. The low quality of the included articles reduced the reliability of the findings. In the future, the clinical use of medicines should be standardized, and the quality of clinical studies should be improved. Comprehensive clinical evaluation should be carried out to provide a sound scientific basis for the treatment of premature ventricular contractions with Chinese patent medicines.

Buffalo yogurt fermented with commercial starter and Lactobacillus plantarum originating from breast milk lowered blood pressure in pregnant hypertensive rats.

Nutritional therapy, which may have advantages over medication, is being investigated as a novel treatment for pregnancy-induced hypertension. Several studies have shown that probiotic yogurt supplementation during pregnancy has beneficial effects on maternal and fetal health. In this study, fermented buffalo milk was produced with yogurt culture and Lactobacillus plantarum B, a probiotic isolated from healthy breast milk with high angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity. The fermentation conditions under which the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity reached 84.51% were optimized by the response surface method as follows: 2 × 106 cfu/mL of L. plantarum B, yogurt culture 2.5 × 105 cfu/mL, and 8 h at 37°C. The distribution of ACE inhibitory peptides from fermented buffalo milk and fermented cow milk were further analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. By searching according to the structural features of ACE inhibitory peptides, 29 and 11 peptides containing ACE inhibitory peptide features were found in fermented buffalo milk and fermented cow milk, respectively. To investigate the in vivo antihypertensive activity of fermented buffalo milk, 18 pregnant rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 6 in each group) and administered 10 mL of normal saline, yogurt (20 mg/kg), or labetalol hydrochloride (4 mg/kg) daily from the beginning of pregnancy to parturition. To induce hypertension, methyl nitrosoarginine (125 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously every day from d 15 of pregnancy to the day of delivery. Blood pressure was not significantly changed in the yogurt and labetalol groups after induction of hypertension and was lower compared with the normal saline group, but there was no difference between the yogurt and labetalol groups. This implied that the buffalo yogurt had a preventive and antihypertensive effect in the pregnancy-induced hypertensive rat model. Further studies to determine the mechanism of action, as well as a randomized control trial, are warranted.

Influence of salinity on microalgae-bacteria symbiosis treating shrimp farming wastewater.

Shrimp farming has strongly developed in recent years, and became an important economic sector that helps create jobs and increase incomes for Vietnamese. However, the aquatic environment has also been greatly affected by the development due to the amount of wastewater discharged from shrimp farms. Among biological processes used for treating shrimp farming wastewater, the application of microalgae-bacteria co-culture is considered high potential due to its treatment and energy saving. Consequently, a photobioreactor operated with microalgae-bacteria co-culture was employed to treat shrimp farming wastewater. The salinity of wastewater and the operating condition (ratio of biomass retention time and hydraulic retention time, BRT/HRT) are the major factors affecting pollutant removal. Thus, this study investigated the effects of salinities of 0.5-20 ppt and BRT/HRT ratios of 1.5-16 on the removal performance. The results indicated that the nutrient removal was reduced when PBR operated under salinity over than 10 ppt and BRT/HRT over 5.5. Particularly, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates were achieved 6.56 ± 1.33 gN m-3 d-1 and 1.49 ± 0.59 gP m-3 d-1, and the removal rates decreased by 2-4 times under a salinity >10 ppt and 2-6 times under a BRT/HRT ratio >5.5. Whereas, organic matter treatment seems not to be affected when the removal rate was maintained at 28-34 gCOD m-3 d-1 under various conditions.

Pilot and full scale applications of floating treatment wetlands for treating diffuse pollution.

Floating treatment wetlands (FTW) are nature-based solutions for the purification of open water systems such as rivers, ponds, and lakes polluted by diffuse sources as untreated or partially treated domestic wastewater and agricultural run-off. Compared with other physicochemical and biological technologies, FTW is a technology with low-cost, simple configuration, easy to operate; has a relatively high efficiency, and is energy-saving, and aesthetic. Water remediation in FTWs is supported by plant uptake and the growth of a biofilm on the water plant roots, so the selection of the macrophyte species is critical, not only to pollutant removal but also to the local ecosystem integrity, especially for full-scale implementation. The key factors such as buoyant frame/raft, plant growth support media, water depth, seasonal variation, and temperature have a considerable role in the design, operation, maintenance, and pollutant treatment performance of FTW. Harvesting is a necessary process to maintain efficient operation by limiting the re-pollution of plants in the decay phase. Furthermore, the harvested plant biomass can serve as a green source for the recovery of energy and value-added products.

Association between Sleep Duration and Colorectal Adenomas: Findings from a Case-Control Study in Vietnam.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading cancers worldwide and in Vietnam. Adenomas are important precursors of colorectal cancer. Study on the association between sleep duration and development of colorectal adenoma (CRA) is limited, particularly among Vietnamese population. METHODS: We conducted an individually matched case-control study of 870 CRA cases and 870 controls in a large-scale colorectal screening program involving 103,542 individuals ages ≥40 years old in Hanoi, Vietnam. Sleep duration was categorized in three groups: short: ≤6 hours/day, normal: 7 to 8 hours/day, and long: >8 hours/day. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between sleep duration and adenomas risk after controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS: Overall, short-sleep duration was associated with increased risk of having CRA compared with normal duration [OR, 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12-1.97]. This pattern was present in both females (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.14-2.18) and males (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.08-1.93), with advanced adenomas (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.09-2.38) and non-advanced adenomas (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.19-2.32). Furthermore, the association between CRA development and short-sleep duration was more apparent among females who were nondrinker, nonobese, physically active, with proximal or both sided adenomas and with cardiometabolic disorder. Among males, the short-sleep duration was associated with CRA risk among never-smoking, cardiometabolic disorders, and obese. CONCLUSIONS: Short-sleep duration was associated with increased prevalence of both advanced and non-advanced CRAs among Vietnamese population. IMPACT: Findings from this study showed that maintaining an adequate sleep duration may have an important implication for colorectal adenoma prevention and control.

A fundamental model for calculating interfacial adsorption of complex ionic and nonionic PFAS mixtures in the presence of mixed salts.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging contaminants that have been used extensively as firefighting agents and in a wide range of commercial applications around the world. As many of the most-common PFAS components are surfactants, they readily accumulate at interfaces, a process that can govern their environmental fate. There are thousands of PFAS compounds, and they have nearly always been used as mixtures, so it is common to find many different PFAS components present together in the environment. Furthermore, the interfacial behavior of ionic PFAS can be strongly influenced by the presence of salts, with adsorption dependent on both the composition and concentration of salts present. Any predictions of PFAS interfacial behavior made without considering both the mixed nature of PFAS present, as well as the composition of the salts present, have the potential to be off by orders of magnitude. To date, models capable of making predictions of PFAS interfacial adsorption when both mixed PFAS and mixed salts are present have not been presented. The work described here addresses this need by extending a mass-action model developed previously by the authors to allow predictions in cases where complex combinations of mixed PFAS and mixed salts are present. Predictions of PFAS interfacial affinity for a range of PFAS mixture conditions and ionic strengths are verified using experimentally-measured surface tension data. The new model provides physically-realistic prediction of interfacial adsorption of a wide range of PFAS mixtures over a wide range of salt concentrations and compositions. The model is capable of predicting interfacial adsorption of ionic/nonionic PFAS mixtures in the presence of salts, and can also make predictions when there is competitive adsorption between different PFAS components, a common case in PFAS source zones where high concentrations of multiple components are present and in foam fractionation reactors.

Endoscopic transoral approach nasopharyngectomy for petroclival and jugular foramen nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To describe a technique of endoscopic transoral approach nasopharyngectomy for petroclival and jugular foramen nasopharyngeal carcinoma, based on anatomic studies and surgeries. Methods: Three dry human skulls and five fresh human cadaver heads were used for anatomic study of a endoscopic transoral approach to expose petroclival and jugular foramen. The anatomical landmarks and the extent of exposure were recorded. Six clinical cases who were treated in Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University from June 2020 to April 2022 were used to illustrate the technique and feasibility of this approach and to assess its indications and advantages, including 3 males and 3 females, aged 42 to 69 years old. Descriptive analysis was used in this research. Results: On the basis of the preservation of the internal pterygoid muscle and the external pterygoid muscle, this approach could fully expose the parapharyngeal, petrosal and paraclival segment internal carotid arteries, and safely deal with the lesions of jugular foramen and petroclival region. The 6 patients in our study tolerated the procedure well. Postoperative enhanced MRI showed complete resection of the tumor and no postoperative masticatory dysfunction. Conclusion: Endoscopic transoral approach is a safe, minimally invasive and effective surgical treatment for petroclival and jugular foramen recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Comparison of MI-EEG Decoding in Source to Sensor Domain.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) system based on sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) is a more natural brain-computer interaction system. In this paper, we propose a new multi-task motor imagery EEG (MI-EEG) classification framework. Unlike traditional EEG decoding algorithms, we perform the decoding task in the source domain rather than the sensor domain. In the proposed algorithm, we first build a conduction model of the signal using the public ICBM152 head model and the boundary element method (BEM). The sensor domain EEG was then mapped to the selected cortex region using standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) technology, which benefit to address volume conduction effects problem. Finally, the source domain features are extracted and classified by combining FBCSP and simple LDA. The results show that the classification-decoding algorithm performed in the source domain can well solve the classification task of MI-EEG. In addition, we found that the source imaging method can significantly increase the number of available EEG channels, which can be expanded at least double. The preliminary results of this study encourage the implementation of EEG decoding algorithms in the source domain. Clinical Relevance- This confirms that better results can be obtained by performing MI-EEG decoding in the source domain than in the sensor domain.

Parylene C as an Insulating Polymer for Implantable Neural Interfaces: Acute Electrochemical Impedance Behaviors in Saline and Pig Brain In Vitro.

Parylene is used as encapsulating material for medical devices due to its excellent biocompatibility and insulativity. Its performance as the insulating polymer of implantable neural interfaces has been studied in electrolyte solutions and in vivo. Biological tissue in vitro, as a potential environment for characterization and application, is convenient to access in the fabrication lab of polymer and neural electrodes, but there has been little study investigating the behaviors of Parylene in the tissue in vitro. Here, we investigated the electrochemical impedance behaviors of Parylene C polymer coating both in normal saline and in a chilled pig brain in vitro by performing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of platinum (Pt) wire neural electrodes. The electrochemical impedance at the representative frequencies is discussed, which helps to construct the equivalent circuit model. Statistical analysis of fitted parameters of the equivalent circuit model showed good reliability of Parylene C as an insulating polymer in both electrolyte models. The electrochemical impedance measured in pig brain in vitro shows marked differences from that of saline.

Calculating PFAS interfacial adsorption as a function of salt concentration using model parameters determined from chemical structure.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely-detected environmental contaminants known to concentrate at surfaces and interfaces. Many of the most commonly-detected PFAS function as ionic surfactants under environmental conditions. The interfacial behaviors of ionic surfactants, including PFAS, are strongly dependent on salt concentration and composition, with interfacial affinity potentially varying by orders of magnitude for the same compound under different conditions. The work described here presents a tool for predicting the salt-dependent adsorption of PFAS compounds based entirely on chemical structure, something of great value for predicting the real-world environmental behavior of many of the large numbers of PFAS compounds for which experimental data are not available. The approach combines two different previously-developed models, one a mass-action model designed to predict the effects of salts on interfacial adsorption of ionic PFAS (the UNSW-OU salt model), and the second a group-contribution model designed to predict interfacial adsorption of PFAS in the absence of salt based on chemical structure. The challenge of combining the two models comes from the fact that both are based on different isotherms. The salt model can produce sigmoidal isotherms under salt-limited conditions (an isotherm shape that is supported by experimental evidence), while the group-contribution model can generate Langmuir parameters from calculations based on chemical structure. Equations were derived to determine salt model isotherm parameters from Langmuir parameters (either from the group-contribution model or experimental sources) by matching surface tension curves in the vicinity of the concentration of highest second derivative. Refined group-contribution model parameters were determined based on data from an additional 40 surface tension curves to allow improved structure-based predictions for important classes of PFAS that were not sufficiently well-represented in the original model. The resulting equations provide a tool allowing quantitative predictions of PFAS behavior under realistic environmental conditions for compounds for which little or no experimental data are available.

Using sequential H2O2 addition to sustain 1,2-dichloroethane detoxification by a nanoscale zerovalent iron-induced Fenton's system at a natural pH.

1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) is a chlorinated hydrocarbon used for polyvinyl chloride plastic production. As such, 1,2-DCA is a common persistent contaminant in saturated zones. While nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) is considered an effective reductant for removing a wide range of chlorinated hydrocarbons, 1,2-DCA is resistant to reduction by NZVI as well as by modified forms of NZVI (e.g., sulfidated-NZVI). Hydroxyl radicals produced in Fenton's reaction can effectively degrade 1,2-DCA, but Fenton's reaction requires the acidification of saturated zones to achieve a groundwater pH of 3 to facilitate the catalytic reaction. To overcome this problem, this study has developed a sequential treatment process using an NZVI-induced Fenton-like reaction that can effectively degrade 1,2-DCA at an initially neutral pH range. The experiments were conducted using a high 1,2-DCA concentration (2000 mg/L) to evaluate the feasibility of using the treatment process at source zones. The process degraded 99% of 1,2-DCA with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.49 h-1. Unlike the single-stage treatment process, the sequential treatment can control the used H2O2 concentration in the system, thus sustaining the reaction and resulting in more efficient 1,2-DCA degradation. To mimic subsurface conditions, batch experiments were conducted to remove 1,2-DCA sorbed in contaminated soil. The results show that 99% removal of 1,2-DCA was obtained within 16 h. Additionally, this study suggests that the NZVI can be used for at least three consecutive 1,2-DCA degradation cycles while maintaining high removal efficiency.

Findings from the first colorectal cancer screening among 103 542 individuals in Vietnam with systematic review of colorectal cancer screening programs in Asia-Pacific region.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is a leading cancer incidence and cause of death worldwide and in Vietnam. Although screening is considered an effective measure to prevent and control colorectal cancer, there is no such effort in Vietnam. METHODS: Between 01 January 2018 and 31 October 2019, a population-based colorectal cancer screening program was conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam. A health advocacy campaign and follow-up phone calls were used to enroll residents aged ≥40 years old to complete an immunochemical-fecal occult blood testing. Positive immunochemical-fecal occult blood testing was followed by a colonoscopy. We also conducted a systematic review of the colorectal cancer screening programs in the Asia-Pacific region that used similar approach by searching Ovid Medline and PubMed databases. RESULTS: During study period, 103 542 individuals among 672 742 eligible residents attended the screening of whom 81.5% participants finished immunochemical-fecal occult blood testing test and the positive rate was 6.1%. The coverage rate for immunochemical-fecal occult blood testing test was 11.9%. Among 2278 individuals who underwent colonoscopy, 3.5% were histologically diagnosed with cancer, 17.8% with advanced adenomas, and 23.1% with non-advanced adenomas. Males had significantly higher detection rate of advanced adenomas, cancer or ≥ two polyps/tumor than females (P < 0.0001). The systematic review showed that in two-step modality (i.e. immunochemical-fecal occult blood testing/fecal immunochemical test and colonoscopy), the test positive was from 4.1 to 10.6%. Once colonoscopy was performed subsequently, the rate of cancer among positive participants was from 1.7 to 16.4% and that of advanced adenomas was from 7.1 to 23.1%. CONCLUSION: We showed that the two-step modality is a promising strategy for colorectal cancer screening in Vietnam that might apply to similar settings with limited resources.

Predicting the impact of salt mixtures on the air-water interfacial behavior of PFAS.

Salts are known to have strong impacts on environmental behavior of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including air-water interfacial adsorption. Multivalent salts impact interfacial adsorption to a greater extent than monovalent salts. Models to make a priori predictions of PFAS interfacial adsorption in the presence of multiple salts with different ionic charges are needed given the need to predict PFAS environmental fate. This study further develops a mass-action model to predict the interfacial behavior of PFAS as a function of both salt valency and concentration. The model is validated using surface tension data for a series of monovalent and divalent salt mixtures over a wide range of ionic strengths (i.e., from no added salt to 0.5 M) as well as comparison to data from literature. This model highlights the disproportionate impact of multivalent salts on interfacial adsorption and the practical utility of the model for predicting interfacial adsorption in the presence of multiple monovalent and multivalent inorganic salts. Results suggest that failure to account for divalent salt, even when concentrations are much smaller than monovalent salt, under most environmentally relevant aqueous phase conditions will result in significant underpredictions of PFAS interfacial adsorption. Simple examples of PFAS distribution in a range of salt conditions in the vadose zone and in aerated-water treatment reactors highlight the predictive utility of the model.

Relationship between hepatitis B virus genotyping and primary hepatocellular carcinoma of 182 patients / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the relationship between hepatitis B virus genotyping and primary liver cancer (PHC) in Wuhan, and to provide a theoretical basis for the early prevention and diagnosis of PHC. Methods Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) from Wuhan Sub-heart General Hospital for treatment from February 2020 to February 2021 were selected and divided into PHC group (182 cases) and control group (189 cases) according to whether they were complicated with primary liver cancer. 5ml of fasting elbow venous blood was taken from all subjects at admission. HBV genotyping was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The DNA of CHB virus was determined by fluorescence probe hybridization and PCR amplification, and genotyping and drug-resistant mutation points were detected according to the product sequencing analysis. Spearman linear correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between genotyping and mutation rate of PHC patients. Results The proportion of C genotype in PHC group was significantly higher than that in non-PHC group (P0.05). The proportion of HEPATITIS B virus mutation in PHC group (114/182) was significantly higher than that in control group (84/189) (χ2=12.331, P0.05). The proportion of HBV C mutant in PHC group was significantly higher than that in control group (P1=0.349, r2=0.305, P<0.05). Conclusion The HBV genotype of PHC patients is mainly TYPE C, and has a high mutation rate of C genotype. It can be used for diagnosis of PHC by detecting the genotyping of CHB and mutation rate of C genotype in clinic.

Removing EOG Artifacts from the EEG signal of Methamphetamine Addicts.

EEG can be used to characterize the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex, but it is also susceptible to interference. Compared with the other artifacts, Electrooculogram (EOG) artifacts have a greater impact on EEG processing and are more difficult to remove. Here, we mainly compared the regression and ICA algorithms both based on the EOG channels for the effect of removing EOG artifacts in the Stroop experiment of methamphetamine addicts. From the perspective of time domain and power spectral density, the ICA algorithm based on the EOG channels is more effective. However, the regression algorithm based on the EOG channels is less complex, more time-saving, and more suitable for real-time tasks.Clinical Relevance- For clinical purposes, this research has a certain reference value for selecting appropriate methods of removing EOG artifacts when processing the EEG of methamphetamine addicts.

MRI magnetic compatible electrical neural interface: From materials to application.

Neural electrical interfaces are important tools for local neural stimulation and recording, which potentially have wide application in the diagnosis and treatment of neural diseases, as well as in the transmission of neural activity for brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. At the same time, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the effective and non-invasive techniques for recording whole-brain signals, providing details of brain structures and also activation pattern maps. Simultaneous recording of extracellular neural signals and MRI combines two expressions of the same neural activity and is believed to be of great importance for the understanding of brain function. However, this combination makes requests on the magnetic and electronic performance of neural interface devices. MRI-compatibility refers here to a technological approach to simultaneous MRI and electrode recording or stimulation without artifacts in imaging. Trade-offs between materials magnetic susceptibility selection and electrical function should be considered. Herein, prominent trends in selecting materials of suitable magnetic properties are analyzed and material design, function and application of neural interfaces are outlined together with the remaining challenge to fabricate MRI-compatible neural interface.

A new framework for modeling the effect of salt on interfacial adsorption of PFAS in environmental systems.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are surface active contaminants of great environmental concern, due to their widespread historical use and their environmental persistence. Salts are known to have a profound influence on the interfacial behaviors of all ionic surfactants, including some of the most commonly detected PFAS. This work describes a new mass-action model for predicting the interfacial behavior of surfactants as a function of salt concentration. The three-parameter model is fit to interfacial tension data over a range of salt concentrations, and is then able to predict interfacial adsorption isotherms for the entire range from no added salt, up to 0.5 M added salt. The phenomenological nature of the model means that it is likely to provide more robust predictions for new systems and conditions than some of the existing empirical approaches, and the minimal number of adjustable parameters ensures that unique calibrations are possible with limited data. The model is found to be consistent with experimental data, and is bracketed by experimental values at low PFAS concentrations. Of particular interest, the model predicts the existence of sigmoidal adsorption isotherms at low salt concentrations, a deviation from isotherms calculated the commonly-used Szyszkowski equation; the observation is supported by a maximum in measured interfacial adsorption coefficient calculated from low-concentration surface tension measurements. Because adsorption affinities can vary by orders of magnitude with changing salt concentration, the ability to predict the effects of salt on adsorption is of critical importance for quantitative prediction of PFAS behavior in the environment.

Intra-arterial infusion of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells combined with intravenous injection of cerebrolysin in the treatment of middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke: Case report.

We present a patient with severe middle cerebral artery occlusion who received an intra-arterial infusion of autologous bone marrow stem cells combined with Cerebrolysin IV. The patient was evaluated before and after treatment using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, the Medical Research Council Muscle Scale, Modified Brunnstrom Classification, Barthel Index and modified Rankin Scale. After the therapy, the patient showed good outcome with functional as well as neurological improvements especially in terms of functional motor recovery without any side effects. Further controlled studies are needed to find possible side effects and establish net efficacy.