ABSTRACT
The new isolated circovirus variant PCV-2 is discussed to be the etiological agent of a new emerging swine disease with a variable morbidity and high lethality, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). PMWS has been diagnosed in North America and West Europe. Clinical signs include dyspnea, loss of weight, lymph node enlargement and lymphocyte depletion in lymphoid tissues. This report describes the characterisation of PCV-2 isolates from animals affected with PMWS from Germany, Spain and France. We could demonstrate the presence of circovirus by electron microscope, in situ hybridisation and PCR. PCR revealed incidence of PCV-2 in many tissues of one infected animal with the exception of heart and nervous system. The phylogenetic analysis of all PCV-2 isolates yet published in the database, showed relationship of isolates from Spain, Germany and France, with three sequences from Canada determined recently and two isolates from Taiwan, while other North American sequences display a separate cluster. PCR screening of randomly collected organ samples from German pigs not affected with PMWS, revealed a rate of infection with PCV-1 of 5% and with PCV-2 of 26.8%, while blood samples showed a lower incidence.
Subject(s)
Circoviridae Infections/veterinary , Circovirus/classification , Circovirus/isolation & purification , Swine Diseases/virology , Wasting Syndrome/veterinary , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Base Sequence , Circoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Circoviridae Infections/pathology , Circoviridae Infections/virology , Circovirus/genetics , DNA, Viral/genetics , France/epidemiology , Genome, Viral , Germany/epidemiology , In Situ Hybridization , Microscopy, Electron , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Spain/epidemiology , Swine , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Swine Diseases/pathology , Wasting Syndrome/epidemiology , Wasting Syndrome/pathology , Wasting Syndrome/virologySubject(s)
Swine Diseases/diagnosis , Wasting Syndrome/veterinary , Animals , Circoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Circoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Circoviridae Infections/veterinary , Circovirus/genetics , Circovirus/isolation & purification , DNA, Viral/analysis , DNA, Viral/genetics , Diarrhea/diagnosis , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Diarrhea/veterinary , France/epidemiology , Incidence , Lung/chemistry , Lung/pathology , Lung/virology , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/epidemiology , Lung Diseases/veterinary , Lymph Nodes/chemistry , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Lymph Nodes/virology , Muscular Atrophy/diagnosis , Muscular Atrophy/epidemiology , Muscular Atrophy/veterinary , Swine , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Swine Diseases/pathology , Syndrome , Wasting Syndrome/diagnosis , Wasting Syndrome/epidemiologyABSTRACT
In hepatocellular carcinoma, mutation within the p53 gene occurs mainly at codon 249 and its frequency has been associated with exposure to aflatoxin. As Senegal is a country where liver cancer incidence is one of the highest in the world and where people are highly exposed to aflatoxin, we screened 15 liver cancer samples from this country for mutation at codon 249 of the p53 gene. Non-tumoral DNA from the patients showed a wild type genotype. Mutation at codon 249 of the p53 gene was detected in 10 of the 15 tumour tissues tested (67%). This frequency of mutation in codon 249 of the p53 gene is the highest described. These results confirmed that there is an association between countries of high aflatoxin intake and a high frequency of mutation in codon 249 of p53 gene, and that HBV alone does not contribute to these base changes.
