Match injuries in professional soccer: inter-seasonal variation and effects of competition type, match congestion and positional role.

In this prospective observational study, injuries sustained in official match-play in players belonging to a professional soccer club were investigated. Incidence and patterns of injury were compared across four-seasons (2005-2006: S1, 2006-2007: S2, 2007-2008: S3 and 2008-2009: S4) and 3 match formats (domestic League/Cup games and European club competition). In addition, the effects of both fixture congestion and the positional role of players were investigated. Injury incidence (per 1 000 match-hours) did not vary between seasons (range 31.2-59.2 observed in S2 and S4, respectively, p=0.12) or fixture formats (range 32.6-40.8 observed in European and League matches, respectively, p=0.49). In contrast, rates varied in players (n=7) who participated in all four seasons as more injuries were sustained in S1 compared to S2 and S3, respectively (88.4 vs. 49.0 vs. 49.2, both p<0.05). The incidence of muscle strains was higher in S4 versus S3 (24.7 vs. 9.9, p<0.05) as were injuries sustained to the ankle region in S4 versus S2 (15.1 vs. 4.5, p<0.05). The incidence of joint sprains differed between fixture formats with a higher rate observed in League versus both Cup and European competition, respectively (10.1 vs. 3.0 vs. 3.0, both p<0.05). Injury incidence was not associated to the time delay (number of days) separating games (r=0.04, p=0.58). A very short interval (< or = 3 days) between fixtures did not result in a greater injury rate (p=0.40) or number of days lost to injury (p=0.73) compared to a longer interval (> or = 4 days). Finally, the incidence of injury and muscle strains (both p<0.001) varied across positional roles with the highest rates observed in centre-forwards. These findings provide further knowledge on the risk of injury in contemporary professional soccer match-play and may aid in the care and management of playing resources.

[Multiple pilomatricoma. Apropos of a case]. / Pilomatricomes multiples. A propos d'un cas.

Pilomatricoma is a benign, solitary tumor. The histopathologic findings of viable basaloid cells in the periphery, shadow cells in the central part and foci of calcification are characteristic of pilomatricoma. The microscopic aspect of multiple pilomatricomas was not different from solitary pilomatricomas. Though, some consider them as a pathognomonic sign of myotonic dystrophy. Complete surgical excision is the best management.

Seroprevalence of five arboviruses in Zebu cattle in the Central African Republic.

Sequential blood samples taken from 237 adult and 147 young Zebu cattle in the Central African Republic (CAR) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of antibodies to Rift Valley Fever (RVF), Dugbe (DUG), Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Chikungunya (CHIK) and Wesselsbron (WSL) viruses. Antibodies to DUG and CCHF viruses were detected in 70% and 61% respectively, of the sera from adult cattle, probably due to common antigens. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that CCHF virus was isolated only 3 times from ticks, whereas DUG virus was isolated from almost all ticks. Ticks of the genus Hyalorama, the most important vectors of CCHF, are rare on Zebus in CAR. CCHF virus has a limited role in local human pathology, probably because its distribution is limited by the scarcity of its main vector and the immunological barrier resulting from the presence of antibodies to DUG virus. Antibodies to RVF virus were found in about 8% of adult cattle. Zebus do not play an important role in the spread of CHIK and WSL viruses among humans; these viruses were found in only one and 5, respectively, of the 183 cattle examined.

[Extemporaneous anatomo-pathological test in surgery of thyroid cancers. Values and limitations]. / L'examen anatomo-pathologique extemporané dans la chirurgie des cancers thyroïdiens. Intérêts et limites.

We report our experience in surgical treatment of thyroid cancer; 2470 total or partial thyroidectomies were performed for a thyroid nodule, 205 were primitive thyroid carcinoma (8.3%). Intraoperative frozen sections diagnoses were performed in 100% of the patients. In this study, a 100% specificity and 74% sensitivity were found. Data for each histological type were compared with the previous studies. Each false negative macroscopic aspect carcinoma's size, differenciation, plurificality were studied in order to understand the limits of frozen sections diagnoses. The higher rate of false negative was found with small, well differenciated vesicular carcinoma. This study shows that high accuracy of frozen sections diagnoses allows to improve the intraoperative management of thyroid cancer. The high specificity of frozen sections diagnoses strengthens our reliance upon this examination.

[Langerhans cell granulomatosis of the orbit. Apropos of an anatomo-clinical case]. / Granulomatose à cellules de Langerhans monotissulaire de l'orbite. A propos d'une observation anatomo-clinique.

Langerhans' cell granulomatosis of the orbit was observed in a 7-year-old boy successfully treated by a simple biopsy. Recovery can be established one year after the biopsy on the basis of bone defect healing on the standard X-ray of the skull.

New experimental approach to measure the skin-reflected light. Application to cutaneous erythema and blanching.

By modifying the blood supply in the upper part of the dermis, the colour of the skin is changed by any material in contact with it. This is a great difficulty when we want to measure the colour intensity in erythema or blanching. To avoid this problem, we designed and built a device which measures the skin reflectance value without any contact with the skin. The use of this device on man to study the skin blanching after application of dermocorticoids allows us to determine the more potent drug among a series (clobetasol propionate) and, for a given drug (betamethasone), the more efficient preparation (oil-in-water emulsion). The study of the effect of increasing irradiation doses of ultraviolet light show that the sensitivity of the device is equivalent to that of the clinical assessment and that the relationship between the irradiation dose and the skin reflectance is sigmoidal.